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Environmental Microbiology - Coggle Diagram
Environmental Microbiology
Biochemical Cycling
Abiotic Processes
- Erosion
Biotic Processes
- Nutrient Cycling
Microbes help rapid nutrient cycling
Fate of Organic Materials
Mineralization
- Decomposition of organic matter to simpler inorganic compounds
.
Immobilisation
- Nutrients converted to biomass temporarily unavailable in nutrient cycling
Carbon Cycle
Carbon continuously transformed
Plants/Microbes fix CO₂
-> CO₂ reduced to methane
CO₂ can be reduced anaerobically, is oxidised aerobically (bacteria) or anaerobically (archaea)
Degradation of Organic Matter
Influences:
Oxidation-Reduction potential
.
Availability of Nutrients
.
Abiotic Conditions
.
Microbes present
Microorganisms secrete hydrolytic enzymes to degrade lignin (Only contain CHO)
.
Difficult for microbes to get high N, Fe, P concentrations
-> Limiting for max growth
Nitrogen Cycle
Exists in Redox states
Nitrogen species:
Electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration
Electron donors in chemolithotrophy
Nitrogen Fixation
Reduces inorganic N₂ to organic
-> Done by bacteria/ archaea
-> Can be done under an/oxic conditions
Nitrification
Ammonia = Fixation product (NH₃)
Incorporated into organic matter as amines
Nitrification
- Ammonium donates electron
Assimilatory Nitrate Reduction
- Reduced, Incorporated into microbial/ plant cell biomass
Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction
-
Fully reduced to dinitrogen gas (N₂), nitrogen removed from ecosystem and returned to atmosphere
Denitrification
Phosphorous Cycle
Needed for ATP, nucleic acids, lipids, polysaccharides
Phosphates are the organic form/ source of Phosphorus for marine microbes
Sulphur Cycle
Can be electron donor or acceptor
Assimilatory sulphate reduction
- reduction of sulphate for amino acid/ protein synthesis
.
Dissimilatory sulphate reduction
- Use sulphate as terminal electron acceptor