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Salem Boytos Per.5 Cardiovascular System - Coggle Diagram
Salem Boytos Per.5 Cardiovascular System
Structural & Functional Differences Between Blood Vessels
Veins: Thin, valves prevent backflow, carry deoxygenated blood (except pulmonary)
Capillaries: Thin, gas/nutrient exchange
Arteries: Thick, high-pressure, carry oxygenated blood (except pulmonary)
Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System
Regulation (body temperature, pH balance)
Protection (immune response, clotting)
Transport (oxygen, nutrients, waste)
Major Blood Vessels
Veins: Superior/Inferior Vena Cava, Pulmonary Veins, Jugular Vein
Arteries: Aorta, Pulmonary Artery, Coronary Arteries
Cardiac Cycle & ECG
P wave: Atrial depolarization
QRS complex: Ventricular depolarization
Systole (contraction) & Diastole (relaxation)
T wave: Ventricular repolarization
Blood Flow Through the Heart & Body
Left side (oxygenated blood)
Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta → Body
Right side (deoxygenated blood)
Superior/Inferior Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Arteries → Lungs
Vital Signs (BP & Pulse)
Pulse Rate: Normal = 60-100 bpm
Blood Pressure (BP): Normal = 120/80 mmHg
Disorders of the Cardiovascular System
Atherosclerosis (Blocked arteries)
Myocardial Infarction (Heart attack)
Hypertension (High BP)
Stroke (Brain blood flow blockage)
Layers of the Heart
Myocardium (muscle layer, pumps blood)
Endocardium (inner lining)
Epicardium (outer layer)
ABO & Rh Blood Types
Rh Factor: + (positive) or – (negative)
Universal Donor: O-
ABO System: A, B, AB, O
Universal Recipient: AB+
Anatomy of the Heart
Valves: Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral (bicuspid), Aortic
Blood Vessels: R+L Arteries, R+L Veins, Aorta, Braciocehpalic
Chambers: Right atrium, Right ventricle, Left atrium, Left ventricle
Major Components & Functions of Blood
White Blood Cells (WBCs) (Immune defense)
Agranulocytes (No granules in cytoplasm)
Monocytes (~3-8%)
The largest WBCs that become macrophages to engulf pathogens, dead cells, and debris.
Lymphocytes (~20-30%)
T-cells attack infected cells, B-cells produce antibodies, and NK cells destroy virus-infected or cancerous cells.
Granulocytes (Contain granules in their cytoplasm)
Eosinophils (~2-4%)
Attack parasites and play a role in allergic reactions.
Basophils (Least common, <1%)
Release histamine and heparin, triggering inflammation and allergic responses.
Neutrophils (Most abundant, ~60-70%)
First responders that engulf and destroy bacteria.
Platelets (Blood clotting)
Red Blood Cells (RBCs) (Carry oxygen via hemoglobin)
Plasma (55% of blood, carries nutrients, hormones, waste)