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oscillation - Coggle Diagram
oscillation
damped oscillation
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Damped oscillation occurs when an oscillating system gradually loses energy over time due to resistive forces like friction or air resistance, causing the amplitude to decrease until motion eventually stops.
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- Pendulum in Air: A swinging pendulum slows down due to air resistance and friction at the pivot.
- Car Shock Absorbers: The suspension system in cars dampens vibrations to ensure a smooth ride.
- RLC Circuit: In an electrical circuit, a resistor (R) dissipates energy, causing oscillations in voltage and current to decay over time.
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resonance
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Resonance is the phenomenon where an object or system vibrates at its natural frequency due to an external force, leading to amplified oscillations.
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- Swinging on a Swing – Pushing a swing at its natural frequency increases its amplitude.
- Tuning Fork – A struck tuning fork can cause another with the same frequency to vibrate.
- Bridge Collapse (Tacoma Narrows Bridge) – Wind-induced vibrations matched the bridge’s natural frequency, causing destructive resonance.
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free oscillation
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Free oscillation occurs when a system oscillates with its natural frequency without any external force acting on it after being initially disturbed. There is no continuous input of energy, and the system moves due to its internal restoring forces.
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- A simple pendulum swinging after being displaced and released.
- A mass-spring system oscillating after being stretched or compressed.
- A tuning fork vibrating after being struck.
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forced oscillation
Forced oscillation occurs when an external periodic force drives a system to oscillate at the frequency of the applied force, rather than its natural frequency.
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- Swinging pushed at regular intervals – A child on a swing continues to move when pushed periodically.
- Bridge vibrations due to wind or traffic – The Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsed due to resonance from wind-induced forced oscillations.
- Musical instruments – A guitar string vibrates at the frequency of the sound waves from an amplifier.
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