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Conscience - Coggle Diagram
Conscience
AO2
moral relativism
Aquinas was not aware o the vast array of cultures with different moral standards that indicate that there isn't just seven innate precepts we al work towards. Fletcher used this argument to argue there isn't innate morality.
However there does see to be some core similarities, such as treating your neighbour kindly
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Natural theology
Barth believed that we cant rely on reason for our morality, else God wouldn't have sent Jesus r given us divine law, he also thought that the 'finite has no capacity for the infinite' and therefore we cannot seek to reason with moral laws that are beyond our understanding
However we can't comprehend the infinite but if we have god given primary precepts through the syndereses rule then we can comprehend those rules within our own nature and create secondary precepts relevant to our own existence
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Freud has been Widely disproved by modern psychology, however his theory explains well why there is different moral standards sin different societies
Freud
Id, Ego and Superego
When we have a desire bubbling from our Id tour ego we become aware of wanting o act on the desire but our superego tells us the values our society has and the implications of that desire on our society - the implication of this is that our conscience is actually just societal influence rather than God.
Psychosexual development
oral stage
Breastfeding and exploring using the mouth, failure to develop properly in this stage can lead to overeating and smoking
anal stage
focused on expelling things from your body and learning to use the toilet. those who are overly controlling can become a control freak and those that dont become messy.
phallic stage
Children become aware of their genitals. the Oedipus and Electra complex develop at tis point and the child becomes jealous of their parent for stealing attention form the object of their desire.
Latency stage
sexual desire is developed and repressed, gender roles are learnt
mature genital stage
lasts until death, a desire for love and marriage whilst your sexual desire is repressed, a person now has a fully developed conscience
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Freud on religion
Freud believed that religion was a tool for repressing asocial desires such as violence, and it had done an admirable job but the time for it had passed and autonomy was now a better method of self control
He saw theories such as original sin as a way of repressing antisocial desire however it also caused as much unhappiness as it prevented as by presenting humans as evil and only God as good it leaves the door open for people to backslide into Sin.
Freud believed that the best way to go about repressing desires is autonomy as people would see that repressing desires is for the benefit of society and actively seek to do them without influence from religion, he believed the influence of religious figures like god puts an unnecessary external pressure on morality and religions inflexibility
Primary Precepts
The primary precepts were six rules that are innately right as they follow the synderises rule that all things follow natural rules that are innately right. The six principles are as follow
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Secondary precepts
Conscientia
The conscientia is the god given virtue of reason that allows us to adapt the primary precepts into real situations and develop secondary precepts
Secondary precepts re rules we gain from applying the primary precepts to real life, for example when applying the rule of preserving life to euthanasia using our conscientia we gain the secondary precept of 'Euthanasia is wrong'
Conscience (Aquinas)
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Therefore, the concious can make us feel guilt or not in our actions
Like humans the conscience is fallible, it can judge things poorly and the conscientia is also fallible, we never lose the primary precepts however we can develop flawed secondary precepts.
real and apparent goods.
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Apparent t goods are when the conscientia fails to create secondary precepts resulting in flawed actions that we perceive as good.
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