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Before the war, Armistice of Compiegne - November 11, 1918
Germany…
Before the war
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand - June 28, 1914
Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary is assassinated in Sarajevo, sparking the beginning of the war.
Austria-Hungary Declares War on Serbia - July 28, 1914
After Serbia’s refusal to meet all demands, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
1914
Russia Mobilizes - July 30, 1914
Russia begins mobilizing its army to support Serbia against Austria-Hungary.
Germany Declares War on Russia - August 1, 1914
Germany declares war on Russia after Russia’s mobilization.
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Germany Declares War on France - August 3, 1914
Germany declares war on France as part of its military strategy.
Germany Invades Belgium - August 4, 1914
Germany invades Belgium as part of its plan to attack France through Belgium, prompting the UK to declare war on Germany.
United Kingdom Declares War on Germany - August 4, 1914
The UK declares war on Germany after Germany's invasion of Belgium.
Battle of the Frontiers - August 1914
A series of battles between German and French forces along the Western Front
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irst Battle of the Marne - September 6-12, 1914
The Allies stop the German advance into France, leading to the beginning of trench warfare.
1915
Gallipoli Campaign - April 25, 1915 - January 9, 1916
An Allied attempt to secure a sea route to Russia by attacking the Ottoman Empire, ultimately a failure.
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Armistice of Compiegne - November 11, 1918
Germany signs an armistice with the Allies, effectively ending the fighting of World War I.
Post war (1919-1930)
Treaty of Versailles - June 28, 1919
The peace treaty that officially ended World War I and imposed heavy reparations and territorial losses on Germany.
Key Points: Germany is forced to accept full responsibility for the war, pay heavy reparations, give up territory, and limit its military.
Impact: Germany feels humiliated, economically crushed, and angry. This fuels resentment and nationalism.
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Weimar Republic Struggles (1919–1933)
The new democratic government of Germany (Weimar Republic) faces severe economic problems, including hyperinflation (1921–1923) and the Great Depression (1929), which erode public confidence.
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Adolf Hitler Joins the Nazi Party - 1920s
Hitler begins gaining support through nationalist, anti-Semitic, and anti-Treaty rhetoric, capitalizing on the economic hardship caused by the treaty.
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Auschwitz
Pre-War and Early Setup
Auschwitz Established – May 20, 1940
Auschwitz was originally established by the Nazis as a concentration camp in occupied Poland, near the town of Oświęcim. Initially intended for Polish political prisoners, the camp's role would evolve significantly over time.
Expansion into a Death Camp – 1941-1942
In 1941, Nazi officials decided to transform Auschwitz into a death camp as part of the "Final Solution," which was the systematic plan to exterminate the Jewish population in Europe. Auschwitz was expanded to include Auschwitz II-Birkenau, where mass killings would take place.
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