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SUPERPOWERS - Coggle Diagram
SUPERPOWERS
7.2b+c Patterns of power change over time, uni, bi, or multi-polar
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Uni-polar- One superpower
Bi-polar- Two superpowers
- Disagreements between two powers
- Stable but can escalate
Multi-polar- Multiple superpowers
- Less stable
- Lack of dominant power so more likely to be conflict
China
Political
- Removed from global issues
- Not a democracy
- Relationships with other nations not always positive
Economic
- 2nd largest GDP in world
- Large scale investment in African countries
- Investment in infrastructure
Military
- Increasing military force but not always equipped
- Only one overseas military base
- Nuclear power
Demographic
- 2nd largest population in world
- Ageing population
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Not yet a superpower because...
- Lower economic output than USA
- 25% population still live in poverty
- Many do not have access to good education, healthcare and clean drinking water
- Lack of democracy
- Censorship of media
- Human rights abuses
Cold War 1945-1991
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Political
- Divided many countries into communism and capitalism ideologies
- Europe divided by communist in the east and capitalist in the west known as the "Iron Curtain"
Economic
- Economic factors like aid used to gain support of developing countries
- Russian aid to India and Ethiopia
- American aid to Europe via Marshall Plan
Military
- Alliances built by countries supporting USA or USSR
- Members of NATO were supporting the USA
- A collective treaty established by USSR known as Warsaw Pact
- Both spent millions on nuclear arms
Cultural
- The use of TV, film, books were used throughout to influence peoples beliefs
- Anti-communist and pro-American values was widely promoted
- USA boycott Moscow 1980 Olympics and USSR boycott LA Olympics 1984
- The space race between USA and USSR
4 pillars for a superpower to be stable and stand: Resources, political, military and culture. Needs an economic base.
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Neo-Colonialism
- New control faciliatated by TNCs
- Dependency Theory debt and aid
- Brain drain loss of productive working
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7.7 ab+c Global influence is contested in economic, political and environmental spheres.
Arctic oil and gas
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Estimated that the Arctic contains 160 billion barrels of oil and 30% of the world's undiscovered gas
There are a number of nations with territorial waters within the Arctic Circle. Military patrols and activity has increased.
The Lomonosov ridge is an area of undersea mountains, Canada, Russia and Greenland all have claimed the area but its ownership is still disputed
All five states (USA, Russia, Norway, Canada, Greenland) have begun to strengthen their military presence in the Arctic Circle
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South China Sea
One of the most contested ocean regions in the world. number of islands in the South China Sea which are claimed by different nations including China and the Philippines
Area is essential for trade as it forms the link between the Indian and Pacific Oceans, it is estimated that each year: 30% of global trade passes through the South China Sea - US$5.3 trillion
Spratly Islands Contested by China, Taiwan, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and Vietnam. China has embarked on building islands to increase their presence in the area. China has used a number of strategies to increase its influence in the area. he 'nine-dash line' in the South China Sea If these dashes were connected it would enclose almost all the South China Sea. The use of Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to extend its claim on resources beyond the UNCLOS 12 mile limit
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