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Tulving - LTM Episodic and semantic - Coggle Diagram
Tulving - LTM Episodic and semantic
LTM seperated into two stores
Episodic (remembered experiences)
Semantic (remembered facts)
DIfferences based of stores different qualitively in terms off
time referencing
associations between memories in each store
retrieving + recalling memories
independence of each store
SEMANTIC
Mental encyclopedia (words, facts, rules
Not time dependent
may remember the fact but not when you learnt it
Memories associated with others to link two facts/concepts together
fragmented - remember one thing in the context of another but stored independently
Recall does not rely on context of which it was learnt
recall based on inferences, generalisation, rational logical though
recall leaves memory trace unchanged from original store
EPISODIC
Mental diary
Dependent o time referencing (memories linked to the time they happened)
continuous - experienced in temporal frame of reference
Recall dependent on context of initial event
Semantic memory can operate without episodic Episodic memory unlikely to operate w/o semantic as need to be able to draw on previous knowledge to understand experiences
EVIDENCE
Brain damage usually shows stores being affected w/o the other one also being affected
KC - motorbike incident - impairement in episodic memory could not recall or make new memories - recollection of factual info left unaffected
HM + CW both affected episodic memory but not semantic as could perform tasks and learn new skills - HM mirror writing -- Tulving outlined procedural memory for practiced skilles
Baddeley - word lists prove some part of the ltm functions semantcally
WEAKNESSES
Does not account for interrelationship or continuity between stores - like episodic needs semantic
eg if you learn something about one thing (Semantic memory) it will affect your perception of them (episodic memory)
unscientific as hard to define in a measurable way