Sigmund Freud, MD, Austrian Republic now Czech Republic, studied invertebrate brains, on the interpretation of dreams, founder Psychoanalysis, free association, transferance, Oedipus/Electra complex, ego id superego, libido, death drive, neurotic guilt, smoker, oral cancer, considered himself self-controlling, seeing it as a substitute for mast.n. Referred Emma Eckstein to colleague who removed part of her nose, blaming her issues on too much mast.n. disfiguring her. She kept seeing Freud and he held the colleague blameless. Talking cure Anna O describe symptoms under hypnosis. See sexual abuse as precurser to nerosis