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General Anesthetics - Coggle Diagram
General Anesthetics
Mechanism of Action : This varies per anesthetic goven but generally the oevrall effect includes orderly and systemic reduction on sensory and motor CNS functions. There is also a progfessive depression of cerebral and spinal cord functions seen.
Classic Stages: loss of sight, touch, taste, smell, hearing, and a loss of consciousness
Overton- Meyer Theory: This theory states just how much potency has an effect on the drug. For all anesthetics potency varies directly with lipid soluability.
In otehr words, this theory is saying that lipid soluable drugs are stronger anesthetics, crossing the blood brain barrier more much more easy, than water soluable drugs.
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Common Uses: General Anesthetics are drugs used during surgical procedures. The goal is to reach a state of unconciousness and relatation of skeletal and visceral smooth muscles
General Anesthetics will induce a state in which the CNS is altered to produce pain relief, depression of consciousness, muscle relaxation, and reflex reduction
general anesthetics are administered by either an anesthesiologist, Nurse anesthetist, or an anesthesia assistant
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Adverse Effects : The effect general anesthetics have vary depending on the patient and the dosage. However, some common sites that are primarily affected include the heart, peripheral circulation, liver, kidneys, and respiratory tract.
Malignant Hyperthermia : An uncommon but potentiall fatal adverse metabolic reaction to general anestheia in which there is a rapid rise in body temperatures, tacycardia, tachypnea, and muscular ridifity. In case of this medical emergency, health care institutes are required to keep a certain amount of Dantrolene as an antidote.
In large doses, general anesthetics can be life threatening and it is important that they are administered in an controlled environment. However, the case of an overdose is extremely rare due to how fast general anesthetic drugs are metabolized and due to the lipophilic qualities
Myocardial Depression: a condition that affects the heart's ability to contract and relax, which can lead to reduced cardiac performance. During the state of unconsciousness, some general anesthetic drugs can cause the cardiac muscles in the heart to weaken.
Commonly used general anesthetic drugs: Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine, Nitrous oxide, Propofol, and Sevoflurane
The most commonly used general anesthetic is Propofol. Thisis a paranteral general anesthetic thatis used for the induction and matience of general anesthia as well as sedation for mechanical ventilation in an ICU setting. Propofol is a pretty well tolerated general anesthetic, only producing a few undesirable effects.
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Nitrous Oxide or more commonly called, laughing gas, is the known as the weakest general anesthetic. It is the only form of a general anesthetic that is an inhaled gas. Given that this gas has a low potency it is generally only used for dental procedures or in addition to other general anesthetics, but rarely as the sole anesthetic
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Interactions: Drugs that interact with General anesthetics include antihypertensives and beta blockers
When combined with general anesthetics these drugs will cause increased hypotensive effects and/or increased myocardial depression
