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C2.3 Group 1 - Alkali Metals, image - Coggle Diagram
C2.3 Group 1 - Alkali Metals
Properties of Alkali metals
They are based on the left hand side
Very reactive
Must be stored in oil to stop reacting with Oxygen
Reactivity increases as you go down the group
Most reactive = Francium
Least reactive = Lithium
This is due to their electronic structure = Only one electron in outer shell
React with non-metals to form a metal ion to form a positive ion
Some float on water
Shiny surface when first cut
Shiny surface rusts quickly when react with oxygen
Melting points and Boiling points are quite low for the average metal
The lower you go down the group, the lower the boiling/melting point
Reaction with water
When Lithium/Sodium/Potassium mixes with water, the metal floats on water and fizzes
E.g. Li + H2O ---> Li2O + H
When Potassium reacts with water, a lilac flame is seen
Reaction produces metal hydroxide
Alkali metal hydroxide is soluble in water
Reaction produces hydrogen and an alkali solution containing the metal hydroxide
Other reactions
Alkali metals also react vigorously with non-metals like Chlorine
When reacting with Chlorine - They create metal chlorides. Metal chlorides are colourless
Reaction gets more vigorous as you go down group
Because it is easier to lose an electron
They react like this with fluorine, bromine and iodine
All solutions formed with elements mentioned above are colourless
Form 1+ ions in reactions to make ionic compounds. generally white and they dissolve in water to make colourless solution
