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HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS, tecno cap1, Ram, image, image, image,…
HARDWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS
Computer language and function
Computers only use the numbers 0 and 1, this is known as the
binary system
.
The smallest unit of information that we can store is called a bit (
b
). Eight bits form a byte (
B
)
We give a code to the letters of the alphabet and to the characters computers use; these consist of the figures "1" and "0".
ASCII
uses 7 bits to store up to 128 characters
Computer functions
The name
hardware
is used for the physical components of the computer system.
Software or programs
refer to the data and its instructions
Computers carry out
four functions
Input
of data using
peripheral devices
Output
of data using
peripheral devices
Storing
data in the
storage devices
Processing
data in the
CPU
using the
microprocessor
and the
memory
When we use a computer, we are
processing information
Computer elements
Microprocesor
It's an integrated circuit made up of millions of transitors working together to process the data received from the memory
The
clock rate
sets the pace at which processes are completed
Today's microprocessors can process 64 bits at a time
It also depends on its
cache memory
and the speed at which it communicates with the
RAM
Memory and units of storage
RAM
The computer's main memory is its
RAM
(random access memory)
Cache memory
The
cache memory
stores the data that the microprocessor uses most often
ROM BIOS
When you turn on your computer, it automatically checks the system. This check is carried out using instructions stored in a read only memory: the
ROM BIOS
Storage devices
We use data storage units to permanently save this data.
Magnetic disks
,
optical discs
and
solid-state memory
are some examples
Motherboard and conecting devices
The
motherboard
is a large board inside the computer. It includes the microprocessor, the memory and also slots (can be
PCI
or
PCI-Express
), the
IDE
or
ATA
, and
SATA
connectors
, the
chipset
and various inpout / output ports
To physically connect devices to the computer we use a
sound card
or a
graphics card
, a
hard disk
,
DVD drives
and so on and use the USB port
We also have to install a
driver
. Also, we can install new devices by using the software provided, to do this, we need to use:
Asistente para agregar hardware
or
Informe sobre nuevos dispositivos (Hermes)
. Operating systems also have device managers, such as
Administrador de dispositivos
or
Gestor de dispositivos
Software and operating systems
Types of software
Operating system
: manages the system resources
Applications
Word processors
Spreadsheets
Presentations
Database management tools
Drawing programs
Antivirus software
Programming languages
: use to create other programs
The operating system
Is the
first
thing that appears when you turn on the computer, that can have different types of
software
but they all need an
operating system
(such as
Windows
,
Linux
or
Mac OS
)
Functions of the OS
Manages the microprocessor
Manages the memory and storage systems
Provides an interface or working environment
Allows communication between applications and peripheral devices
Windows operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs
We can install programs using an installation wizard. The
Agregar o quitar programas
tool is very useful
Hard disk maintenance
Cleaning the hard disk
You can clean your disk using the tool
Liberador de espacio en disco
Defragmenting the hard disk
The hard disk stores files in small blocks, the defragmenter puts them in
order
Detecting and repairing errors
We can check them selecting the properties options,
Propiedades
. Click on the
Herramientas
tab to se the tools you can use
Saving power
Click on the
Panel de control --> Opciones de energía
. You can tell your computer to go into
standby
mode also
System updates
Inicio --> Programas --> Windows Update
Actualizaciones automáticas
, vía
Incicio
-->
Panel de control
-->
Rendimiento y mantenimiento
-->
Sistema
Linux operating system
Installing and uninstalling programs
Linux uses two
package managers
to help users install applications
1.
Añadir y quitar
in the
Aplicaciones
menu, this is the easiest way to add and remove apps
2.
Synaptic package management program
, to open it select
Sistema --> Administración
, this program gives you more control
How to keep your system up to date
1.
Open the Gestor de actualizaciones
through
Sistema --> Administración
2.
Click on
Comprobar
, then, click on
Instalar actualizaciones
Computer networks
Is a set of computers connected to each other so we can share resources and exchange information
local area networks (LANs)
metropolitan area networks
wide area networks
Elements in a network
Computers need an
adaptor
or
network
card to send and receive information
The
hub
distributes the information received between the other computers, it can be replaced by a
switch
This information travels down a
transmission
medium
with an RJ45
connector
on the end
Wireless networks
(WLANs)
Use
electromagnetic waves
to transmit data. All computers need to have a
wireless network card
Shared internet acces
Using
Internet Connection Sharing (ICS)
Using a
router
To overcome the common privacy problem, we can use
network storage
systems and
print servers
Sharing resources in Windows
Sharing a printer
1.
go to Inicio --> Impresoras y faxes
to open its folder. You can also acces through the
Panel de control
2.
Click on
Compartir
3.
Select
Compartir esta impresora
