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FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS (3) - CHANGING GENDER ROLES, EVALUATION,…

- - - - 38 m/c couples were asked who made the decisions
      - wives -> interior decoration, children's clothes, food (frequent decisions not classed as that important)
      - men -> buying a car, other major financial decisions (infrequent but important)
    - - 1995: 70% of couples had equal say in decisions
      - women earning more, well qualified were more likely to have equal say in decision making
  - - - 58% of couples say personal spending money was equally distributed, 12% said the husband had more, 4% said the wife had more
      - wives reported more hardship, more likely to cut back on their food and clothing, shield children + husband from hard times
      - final say in financial decisions: 70% said both, 23% said husband and 7% said wife
    - - responsible for housework seen as low status
      - women's responsibility = emotion, 'he gains, she loses'
    - - WEEKS ET AL: pooling some money for household expenses and a separate account for personal was typical money management (co-independence)
      - SMART: same sex couples tend do what suits them, relationships aren't 'historical, gendered heterosexual baggage of cultural meanings about money', don't conform to gender stereotypes
      - SMART is part of SAME SEX COUPLES - POWER RELATIONSHIPS
- - - - police/ courts records, interviews w/ women in women's refuge
      - found violent incidents could be set off by what a man sees as challenge to authority
      - marriage legitimises violence by conferring power + authority on husbands and dependency on wives
    - - doesn't explain why men get abused
      - women who work usually have equal say in decision-making
      - emergence of 'new man'
      - raises awareness
      - shows how d.v. cases are unreported/ neglected
  - - - domestic violence is result of stress on family members caused by social inequality
      - social inequality -> fewer resources -> higher stress -> unstable relationships -> increases risk of violence/ conflict
  - - - working women + male unemployment challenges men's status as the breadwinner, and their dominance is no longer guaranteed
      - some women demand more authority, insisting unemployed men participate in domestic labour, which they see to threaten their masculinity
      - men use violence to reassert their masculinity + status
    - - interviewed violent men who had either killed/ attacked their partner
      - concluded the dominant version of masculinity places high value on control over others, esp. women, so when they feel they're losing control over their 'female property', they resort to violence
      - for 80% who murdered their partner, the female was in the process of leaving/ suspected to be sexually unfaithful; the male felt compelled to react violently, feeling his masculinity had been compromised
      - the men in these interviews likely had biased views, thinking they had every right to do what they did as they saw themselves to have more power, and saw their actions as acceptable
      - brookman did use official statistics; these statistics likely did not cover every case, however - the dark figure of crime/ domestic abuse
- - - - determined w/ patriarchal values, women do more domestic work as society expects them to + socialised to
      - GERSHUNY: parental role models, if parents share housework children will too
      - KAHN:generational shift, young men do more than their fathers + grandfathers
    - - women generally earn less so it makes sense for them to do more domestic labour while men have more time to earn money