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FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS (3) - CHANGING GENDER ROLES - Coggle Diagram
FAMILIES AND HOUSEHOLDS (3) - CHANGING GENDER ROLES
DECISION MAKING (1), MONEY MANAGEMENT (2)
(1)
EDGELL
38 m/c couples were asked who made the decisions
wives -> interior decoration, children's clothes, food (frequent decisions not classed as that important)
men -> buying a car, other major financial decisions (infrequent but important)
GERSHUNY
1995: 70% of couples had equal say in decisions
women earning more, well qualified were more likely to have equal say in decision making
(2)
VOGLER AND PAHL
58% of couples say personal spending money was equally distributed, 12% said the husband had more, 4% said the wife had more
wives reported more hardship, more likely to cut back on their food and clothing, shield children + husband from hard times
final say in financial decisions: 70% said both, 23% said husband and 7% said wife
OAKLEY
responsible for housework seen as low status
women's responsibility = emotion, 'he gains, she loses'
SMART AND WEEKS ET AL
WEEKS ET AL
: pooling some money for household expenses and a separate account for personal was typical money management (co-independence)
SMART
: same sex couples tend do what suits them, relationships aren't 'historical, gendered heterosexual baggage of cultural meanings about money', don't conform to gender stereotypes
SMART
is part of
SAME SEX COUPLES - POWER RELATIONSHIPS
DOMESTIC ABUSE
FEMINIST PERSPECTIVE
DOBASH AND DOBASH
police/ courts records, interviews w/ women in women's refuge
found violent incidents could be set off by what a man sees as challenge to authority
marriage legitimises violence by conferring power + authority on husbands and dependency on wives
EVALUATION
doesn't explain why men get abused
women who work usually have equal say in decision-making
emergence of 'new man'
raises awareness
shows how d.v. cases are unreported/ neglected
MARXIST PERSPECTIVE
WILKINSON
domestic violence is result of stress on family members caused by social inequality
social inequality -> fewer resources -> higher stress -> unstable relationships -> increases risk of violence/ conflict
DOMESTIC DIVISION OF LABOUR
split of household tasks between partners
segregated conjugal roles
- males and females take on different + separate roles
joint conjugal roles
- males and females split roles equally, having interchanging roles
GENDER ROLES ARE MORE EQUAL
symmetrical family
- self-sufficient nuclear family -> kinship networks; conjugal roles, task division still gender based; both genders employed based on gender stereotypes
women in paid employment
- wives move into paid employment, doing less housework, reducing gender inequalities but very slowly
commercialisation of housework
- more products on the market to help with doing/ managing housework, making the burden of women lighter
EQUALITY IS EXAGGERATED
dual burden
- women responsible for both domestic work and paid employment
DUNSCOMBE AND MARSDEN (triple shift)
- women have emotional burden too to meet family's emotional needs on top of paid employment + domestic labour
EXPLANATIONS ON DIVISION
CULTURAL/ IDEOLOGICAL
determined w/ patriarchal values, women do more domestic work as society expects them to + socialised to
GERSHUNY
: parental role models, if parents share housework children will too
KAHN
:generational shift, young men do more than their fathers + grandfathers
MATERIAL AND ECONOMIC
women generally earn less so it makes sense for them to do more domestic labour while men have more time to earn money