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Air Pollution Management in the Aburrá Valley - Coggle Diagram
Air Pollution Management in the Aburrá Valley
Mobile Sources of Pollution
387,000 mobile sources (2002)
Growth rate: 10% per year
Public transportation average age: 16.7 years
Emissions: 73,876 tons per year
Institutional Aspects (Before 1993)
Environmental institutions focused on
Rural areas
National parks
Forests
Key institutions
National Institute of Natural Resources (INDERENA)
National Planning Department
18 Regional Autonomous Corporations
No direct responsibilities for air pollution control
Legal Framework
Code of Natural Resources (Decree 2811, 1974)
Coordinated by Julio Carrizosa (INDERENA)
No specific air pollution regulations
Stated that national government should approve regulations
Law 02 of 1979 (Sanitary Code)
Defined general criteria for waste, effluent, and emissions management
Developed by:
Ministry of Health (Unit of Environmental Health)
INDERENA
ANDI
ACODAL
Decree 2 of 1982
Defined national air ambient standards for five pollutants
No public consultation in drafting
Enforced by health authorities (not environmental agencies)
Prioritized human health protection
Industrial Pollution
1412 industrial establishments
Main polluting industries(paper,cement, brick,steel)
Energy sources for industry(Hydroelectric (16.6%),Diesel (12.2%),Coal (49.2%),Crude oil (22.1%))
Industrial production (2000): $3.6 billion (~16% of Colombia’s total)
Key Issues
Lack of public awareness and participation
Limited data on health effects of air pollution
Enforcement of standards under health regulations rather than environmental laws