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Gram staining - Coggle Diagram
Gram staining
gram positive
Thick peptidoglycan structure
single layered
results of gram stain will be purple (the P in positive=purple)
no outer membrane
no porins
top purple layer= peptidoglycan
middle cream layer= periplasmic space
bottom layer is cytoplasmic membrane
gram negative
multi-layer
has outer membrane
thin peptidoglycan
has porins
gram stain result is pink (the N in pink=negative)
purple string in periplasmic space=lipoproteins
purple middle layer=thin peptidoglycan
top layer= outer membrane
cream color=periplasmic space
bottom layer=cytoplasmic membrane
Morphology
rods
chain
ex: bacillus antracis
curved (spirochetes)
ex: vibrio cholerae
singular
Cocci
tetrad
cluster of 4 bacteria
ex: pediococcus
staphylococci
cluster of cocci
ex: staph aureus
streptococci
chain of cocci
ex: streptococcus pyogene
sarcina
cubical structure
ex: sarcina ventriculi (also known as clostridium ventriculi)
diplococci
2 stuck together
ex: streptococcus pneumoniae
procedure
1st step fix with heat or chemically fix it my putting ethanol on it for a minute.
2nd step stain with crystal violet (1 minute then rinse with water)
3rd step use the mordant of iodine (sets the crystal violet)
(1 minute than rinse with water)
4th step use decolorizer (ethanol) (rinse it with ethanol for 1 sec and immediately rinse with water)
counterstain with safranan (1 minute and rinse with water)
read it on microscope with 100x with oil
