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Electronic Structures, How to calculate the electronic structure of the…
Electronic Structures
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Non-Metals
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Non-metals gain electrons to form negative ions = Non-metals react with metals by gaining electrons.
Noble Gases
Atoms of noble gases have 8 electrons in the outermost shell. This make them stable.
Helium is the exception with just 2 electrons and 1 shell.
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Noble Gases are very unreactive due to their stable electronic structure. It is very difficult to get them to combine with other elements.
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How to calculate the electronic structure of the element:
1) The group number in the period table tells you the number of electrons in the outermost shell (highest occupied energy level).
2) The amount of shells depends on the amount of electrons.
3) Shell 1 - can house up to 2 electrons
Shell 2 - can house up to 8 electrons
Shell 3 - can house up to 18 electrons
Shell 4 - can house up to 32 electrons
Shell 5 - can house up to 50 electrons
Shell 6 - can house up to 72 electrons
Shell 7 - can house up to 98 electrons
Example: Krypton = 36 protons = 36 electrons
Shell 1 - 2 electrons (36-2=34)
Shell 2 - 8 electrons (34-8=26)
Shell 3 - 18 electrons (26-18=8)
Shell 4 - 8 electrons
3) Outermost shells with 8 electrons make the element stable.
4) Elements with less than 8 electrons in their outermost shell will tend to react with other elements to complete their outer shell.
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