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A Systematic Review of Global Marine Mammal Rehabilitation and Refloating,…
A Systematic Review of Global Marine Mammal Rehabilitation and Refloating, 2000–2023
There is minimal information on how rehabilitation of marine animals impacts the individuals and populations.
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Analysis indicated 24% of the endangered Hawaiian monk seal population in 2012 were involved in or descendants of small-scale interventions such as dehooking and disentanglements but the number increased to 32% when rehabilitation efforts were included in the analysis.
More than four decades of rehabilitation efforts resulted in 500 rehabilitated and released Florida manatees which aided in the subspecies population increasing, moving them from endangered to threatened under the US Endangered Species Act.
Intensive rehabilitation efforts including surrogate programs increased the southern sea otter population in Elkhorn Slough from 20 to almost 150 in less than 15 years.
Need to determine an accurate up-to-date status of rehabilitation to determine where rehabilitation programs can improve globally.
For many endangered species, rehabilitation is uses as a research component for conservation programs.
Without accurate evaluation of rehabilitation programs, the success and sustainability of them may be ineffective or detrimental to population recovery.
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Programs can be evaluated by the factors impacting each animal during the rehab process such as reason for animal admittance and type of treatment given/needed.
Programs can be evaluated by the factors that impact the animal post-release such as short-term and long-term survival.
Programs can be evaluated by factors that impact the population of the species such as epidemiology or population trends.
Programs can be evaluated by their ability to contribute to population goals such as conservation policy adherence or community education and outreach.
Knowledge and experience gained during rehabilitation of non-threatened/non-endangered species can be just as useful in helping to increase success of rehabilitation programs and species conservation methods for similar species that are endangered/threatened.
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Gaps in program data.
Endangered species were more likely to have reports and included information about conservation parameters.
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Data with specific details mostly occur when unique or novel techniques were used during rehabilitation.
25% of reports included nutrition information with minimal details on food provided and feeding methods.
Only 11% of reports contained information regarding euthanasia and length of care prior to deciding euthanasia was the best option.
Welfare in reports was noted by brief statements mentioning physical or social environments, effects of stress from rehab, or reasons for euthanasia.
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Medical protocols and data were only noted in 44% of reports with most of them focusing on clinical pathology, treatment during infectious and non-infectious diseases, or advanced diagnostics.
All individual animal rehabilitation parameters evaluated were statistically different when all data was combined.
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