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EY W7 peer relationship - Coggle Diagram

- - - - relationship revolves around obedience and control
      - child submissive and dependent on adult
  - - - clear interest in other, direct gaze, gestures and smiles at other infants, respond to other infants behaviour
      - mutual imitation
      - show preference for some peers over another, turn taking, change in behvaiour when excluded
    - - increased interactions with peers through environment
      - group play increases
      - groups become larger
      - become increasingly segregated
      - gender differences in group size and activities
      - changes in later adolescence from same sex to mixed sex
    - - sociometry
        
        measuring childrens social standings, position within the peer group
        
        watching childrens behaviour, asking teaching, asking children
        
        how widely liked or disliked, focus on liking and popularity, later studies include dislikes
        
        each child nominates 3 classmates (most liked, least liked)
        
        status type
        
        popular- high on msot liked, low on least liked, good at interactions/ cooperative/friendly
        
        controversial-high on most liked, high on least liked, aggressive/disruptive/prone of anger/ sociable/ humorous
        
        neglected- low on least liked, low on most liked, few interactions/not noticed
        
        rejected- low on most liked, high on least liked, aggressive/disruptive/ isolation/ withdrawn/ timid/ malicious intent to others
        
        rejected- difference in play behaviours, rejected-aggressive or rejected-submissive, rejected have most sociometric stability
        
        escaping rejected status- peer rejection can amplify behvaiours to lead to further rejection (lack of social support to help deal with adjustment), peer status is best understood as part of a developmental pathway
        
        peer status outcomes
        
        peers are important for developing social, emotional, cognitive skills
        
        shaping behvaiour, language, values and beliefs, emotional regualtions, psycho-social functioning
        
        peer status associated with psychological and social outcomes- academic performance and attendance, mental health syptoms
- - - - start of stable friendships forming
      - instrumental relationships- friends about liking the same things, spending time together and doing shared activities
      - conflict and hierachies among toddlers initially revolves around access to objects (toys) but becomes more about difference of opinion
    - - instrumental to intimate relationships
      - friends have similar attitudes and values; become about caring, loyalty, trust, equality, sharing feelings, friendship expectations change
      - issuers with bulling, victimisation and aggression
    - - focus on intimacy, self-disclosure and emotional support
      - based on values and beliefs
      - stable- better quality friendships
      - romantic relationships begin
- - - - geneftic inheritability
      - parental exposure (in the womb)
      - indirect negative effects via stress in family envirnoment
      - modelling negative coping styles and responses
      - direct effect of parenting behaviour and quality of care provided