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Bentham and Kant - Coggle Diagram

- - - - An unconditional command
      - Applies universally
      - Act only according to maxims
      - Distinguish between something that looks like a duty but which is in fact merely something I desire
      - Hypothetical imperatives
        
        Conditional on situation and feelings
        
        However, true duties are categorical
      - 'Do your duties though the heavens fall' -Kant
      - Formulations of the categorical imperative
        
        The formula of universal law
        
        Act only on maxims that we could will to become universal laws
        
        The formula of humanity
        
        Treat humanity as a end and never merely as a means
        
        Emphasises the intrinsic value of human beings
        
        The formula of the kingdom of ends
        
        Act as if we were members of an ideal realm
        
        Promoting a society where individuals respect each other as ends in themselves
  - - - Clear guidelines
    - - Ridgity
      - Harsh implications
      - Priorities moral laws over the welfare of individuals
      - Moral absolutism: adherence to rules overrides the complexities of real-world moral dilemmas
- - - - Utility
        
        The measure of ow beneficial an action is in terms of increasing happiness or reducing suffering
      - Pleasure and pain
        
        The fundamental criteria for assessing the moral worth of an action
  - - - Quantity
        
        Intensity
        
        Duration
        
        Purity
      - Tendency
        
        Certainty
        
        Proximity
        
        Fecundity
      - How many
        
        Exnt or number of people affected by an action
  - - - Democratic nature
      - Practicality: provides a clear method
    - - Quantifying pleasure and pain can be subjective and difficult
      - The focus of the majority can sometimes overlook the rights and well-being of minorities