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PSYCHOLOGY THEORIES - Coggle Diagram

- - - - It emphasized adaptation and survival, influencing behaviorism and evolutionary psychology.
        
        Example: Structuralism breaks perception into basic sensations like color, shape, and texture.
- - - - It relied on introspection, but subjective reports caused its decline.
        
        Example: A desire is a mental state linked to pursuing something.
- - - - Studies how the environment shapes behavior through learning.
        
        Pavlov links stimuli to responses, Skinner uses rewards/punishments, and Watson’s behaviorism applies to education and therapy, but ignores thoughts.
        
        Example: Teachers rewarding good behavior with praise, treats, or positive reinforcement.
- - - - Operant conditioning shapes behavior; radical behaviorism includes private events, unlike methodological behaviorism.
        
        Example: Shy behavior may result from being accustomed to an isolated environment.
- - - - Focuses on positive experiences (e.g., happiness, love), traits (e.g., gratitude, resilience), and institutions (applying positive principles in organizations).
        
        Example: Gratitude practices, like journaling, enhance well-being by recognizing happiness.
- - - - It rejects the God-centered view, emphasizing freedom, growth, and creativity in education, psychology, and art.
        
        Example: Existential therapy helps people find their place and make positive changes.
- - - - It involves the id (instincts), ego (rationality), and superego (morality), with therapy aimed at uncovering and resolving repressed conflicts.
        
        Example: The Rat Man case study of Ernst Lanzer revealed OCD and repressed guilt tied to father-figure relationships.
- - - - and Wolfgang Köhler
        
        Emphasizes that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts.
        
        Prägnanz simplifies perceptions, while similarity, proximity, continuity, and closure help us group and complete objects.
        
        Example: Jigsaw puzzles involve connecting pieces to see the bigger picture.