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HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE, Rainfall can be estimated by, TRMM Microwave Imager…

- - - - Glaze : Freezing of drizzle or rain when they come
        in contact with cold objects.
      - Sleet : Frozen rain drops while falling through air at
        sub-freezing temperature.
      - Rain : The condensed water vapor of the atmosphere falling drops less than 0.5 mm (6mm) from clouds.
      - Snow : Ice crystals resulting from sublimation.
      - Drizzle : A light steady rain in fine drops (0.5mm) and
        intensity less than 1 mm/hours.
      - Snow Flakes: Ice crystals fused currents.
      - Hail : Small lumps of ice formed by alternate
        freezing and melting, when they are carried up and down in highly turbulent air currents.
      - Dew : Moisture condensed from the atmosphere in
        small drops upon cool surfaces.
      - Frost : A feathery deposit of ice formed on the
        ground or on the surface exposed objects by dew or water vapor that has frozen.
    - - Types of Gauges
        
        (a) Non-Recording
        
        (i) Symon’s gauge.
        
        (ii) Standard raingauge
        
        (b) Recording Raingauges
        
        (ii)Weighing –bucket
        Type In this type of rain gauge the rainfall collected by a funnel shaped collector led into a float chamber causing a float to rise. As the float rises, a pen attached to the float records the elevation on a rotating drum driven by a clock-work mechanism
        
        (iii) Natural syphon or float Type
        
        (i) Tipping –bucket
        Type Each tip is recorded and each tip is equivalent to 0.25 mm, the tipping actuates an electricity driven pen to trace the record on this clock-driven chart
        
        (iv) Optical rain gauges
        The ORG measures rainfall by detecting the optical irregularities induced within the sample volume by precipitating particles falling through a beam of partially coherent infrared light. These irregularities are known as scintillation. By detecting the intensity of the scintillation, the actual rainfall rate can be measured.