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Practical investigations - Coggle Diagram
Practical investigations
Biological
Hypothesis: there will be a negative correlation between D2:D4 ratio and aggression scores on the Buss-Perry questionnaire
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Strength: used same questionnaire for all participants to measure aggression levels (Buss-Perry questionnaire). Increases reliability as can be replicated to check for consistency in our results about D2:D4 ratio and aggression levels
Weakness: I used self report data to measure aggression levels. Participants may have wanted to appear more socially desirable to may have answered to seem less aggressive. This reduced the validity of my conclusions about correlation between D2:D4 ratio and aggression levels as their answers would not truly reflect their aggression.
Improvement: could have used open ended questions rather than just likert scales in order to measure aggression. Would have allowed Ps to explain their answers so we could collect more in-depth data. This would have increased the validity of our conclusions about D2:D4 ratio and aggression levels
Learning
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Results: 73% of females helped compared to only 54% of males. We calculated a chi-squared value of 3.92? which was more than critical value for df=1 and p=0.05
Thematic analysis showed that the majority of participants, male and female verbally alerted the confederate, but females were more likely to physically help by picking up the lanyard etc. than males
Strength: we used a covert observation so the people helping did not know they were being observed so would not have changed their behaviour to appear more socially desirable. Their helping behaviour was more reflective of their behaviour in real life increasing the ecological validity of our conclusions about the effect of gender on helping behaviour.
Strength: quantitative data collected - number of times that a female or male helped. This did not require us to interpret their behaviour increasing the objectivity of our results as not affected by researcher bias. This increases the internal validity of my conclusions about the effect of gender on helping behaviour
Weakness: we had to identify behaviours that we would record as helping behaviour. This is subjective as different researchers may consider different behaviour as helpful. This reduces the internal validity of our conclusions about...
Social
Hypothesis: people will score higher in perceived obedience out of 36 in the scenarios where females are given the order compared to males
Results: Ps predicted that females would be more obedient than males as the score for perceived obedience scenarios involving a women was lower than that more males
Strength: same questions for all participants ensuring that there is a standardised procedure. This means that the scores for perceived obedience for each participant can be directly compared to check for consistency increasing the reliability of our conclusions about the effect of gender on perceived obedience
Improvement: conduct a pilot study with a small sample to test our questions about perceived obedience which would ensure that all participants understood the questions increasing the validity of our conclusions
Improvement: repeat the questionnaire about perceived obedience in other schools. This would remove the effect of any traits specific to QEGS students, such as being more obedient. This would increase the validity of our conclusions about....
Cognitive
Hypothesis: More monosyllabic words will be correctly recalled out of 15 when no music is playing than when 1 of the 3 different music genres were playing during learning.
Improvement: test on a larger range of ages, from 18-60 rather than just sixth-formers, in order to represent the STM of more ages. This would increase the generalisability of our findings about the effect of music on the STM to a wider population
Strength: carried out in a controlled environment of a classroom, allowing extraneous variables such as light or noise that may distract the participant. This increases the internal validity of our conclusions about the effect of music on STM as cause and effect can be established.
Strength: used a standardised procedure by ensuring the same list of words were used for all participants and they were shown at the same rate of 3 seconds per word. This means that each participants results can be tested for consistency increasing the reliability of the conclusions about the effect of music on STM
Results: No music produced highest recall with a mean of around 7.5/15 words. Classical and pop music reduced word recalled slightly to around 6/15 but heavy metal reduced it the most to around 5.4/15. Mann-Whitney...
Weakness: we conducted our study in a controlled classroom environment which may not reflect how the participants memorise words in real life, as there was no distractions such as people talking or light, this reduces the ecological validity of our conclusions about....
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