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anxiety disorders in children - Coggle Diagram
anxiety disorders in children
defining anxiety disorders in children
subtypes of anxiety disorders
specific phobia - marked fear of a specific object or situation
panic disorder - characterised by recurring panic attacks
separation anxiety - excessive fear of separation from primary caregivers
social anxiety disorder - fear of negative evaluation by others
generalised anxiety disorder - excessive, uncontrollable worry and other physical/cognitive symptoms
agoraphobia - intense fear of situations where escape may be difficult
prevalence of anxiety disorders
6.5% of children have an anxiety disorder at any given time
peak age of onset is 5.5, median is 15.5 - prevalence of anxiety disorders increases with age
separation anxiety and specific phobias typically have a lower age of onset
social anxiety and panic disorder typically have a higher age of onset
suggested reasons for increasing prevalence - better awareness about mental health, social media, periods of austerity, pandemic and social isolation
high rates of co-morbidity - likely to be diagnosed with more than one anxiety disorder or another co-occurring disorder
suggestions for future research
more longitudinal research
investigating the role of the father
general criticisms of studies
assessment of parental behaviours
child anxiety status not specified
nature of tasks
lack of representation of fathers or consideration of their specific role
cross sectional vs. longitudinal studies
role of parents
overinvolvement/control
parents of anxious children are more likely to step in and less likely to encourage child to push themselves
bidirectional relationship - children with anxious temperament elicit this kind of parenting
discouragement of independence, unable to build competence, view the world as dangerous
modelling
children observe parents behaving anxiously and learn through information transfer
may have limited exposure to events if parent is avoidant, resulting in lack of learning about the world and view the world as dangerous
genetic influences
early childhood temperament - some children are more inhibited in early childhood - precursor to anxiety
interactions of all these factors is complicated e.g.
child with anxious temperament may elicit overinvolved parenting style
child with anxious temperament may be more easily influenced by parent behaviour and model them more readily
other factors in child anxiety