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Research Methods: The Research Process - Coggle Diagram
Research Methods: The Research Process
Units of Analysis
Nominal Measure
Variable values and codes are used to distinguish different categories of a characteristic.(example: Gender, region, eye color)
Ordinal Measure
Values are ranked or ordered (example: Religiosity, Grades, Ratings)
Interval Measure
Distinguish different categories that can be ranked =, AND values have equal distances, however, there is no meaningful zero value (example: IQ, Temperature, SAT scores)
Ratio Measure
Meet the requirements for an interval-level variable, AND there is a true zero point (example: Income, Time, Age, Distance)
Types of Units of Analysis
Individual
Group of Individuals
Institution / Organization
Social Artifact
Unit of analysis
(Plant, books), Variable (Height, length), Values (inches/percentages)
Variable - Name,
Value - Numeric, units
Writing Conceptual Definitions
“The concept of
_ is defined as the extent to which
__
exhibits the characteristics of
__
”
A Conceptual Definition
A working definition assigned to a term (e.g. crime)
An Operational Definition
A definition that specifies how measurements will be done in the real world
Operationalization & Measurement
Conceptualization
Conceptual Definition
Operational Definition
Measurements in the real world
,
The Deductive Model (X causes Y)
This model of scientific inquiry begins with a sometimes general question, which is subjected to a process of specification, resulting in hypotheses that can be tested through empirical observations
Conceptualization
Concepts are ideas or mental constructs we use to refer to real-world phenomena