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Norman Kings and the Church - Coggle Diagram
Norman Kings and the Church
William I 9/10
1070s purge of Anglo-Saxons from high up positions in the church, in particular AB Stigand. By Will's death only 1 native bishop left in England. However purge did not exceed to lower levels of the church such as priests.
Heavily religious, 1066 had support of the papacy as a crusade to reform the outdated english church
Lanfranc made AB of Canterbury after purge, him and Will agree on many things such as removal of Simony (sale of positions in church) and clerical marriages. So much trust in Lanfranc that Will lets him sort out the 1075 Revolt of the Earls and doesn't even come back from Normandy
With Will's backing Lanfranc established the primacy of Canterbury over York 1070 (previously equals)
Restructuring of the church, Bishoprics moved from rural to more urban areas, brought English church more in line with Europe in that Bishoprics needed to be close to their flock
Rebuilding of cathedrals in the romanesque stlye, most notably Durham and Winchester
1080 issues with papacy though? Gregory determination to expand papal authority. Letter to Will asking to call in favour for papal banner 1066 in exchange for homage, although a reformer Will has no desire to give up control and thus politely rejects but gives Peter's pence = distant but cordial relations w pope
Henry I 7/10
Henry I, being much more religious than Will II, invited Anselm back to England 1100.
Anselm came back with new ideology, such as unpopularity of investiture as it implied the power came from the King rather than the church, a direct attack on the monarchy's rights over the church, Monarchy needed investiture as gave them knights under the feudal system
Henry only just establishing himself on the throne so needed the church's backing, Anselm believed Henry was a monarch who he could work with (invited him back) so put the matter to one side referring it to the Pope to deal with.
Good relationship: Anselm presided over Henry's marriage to Matilda and when Robert arrived in England with an army in the summer of 1101 Anselm played a key role in persuading many wandering English to stay loyal.
Henry, like Will I was in favour of church reform, allowed Anselm to have his reforming council in 1102 which he used to condemn clerical marriage.
As Henry's power grew, in 1103, he applied pressure to Anselm to give homage and accept investiture. Anselm went into self-imposed exile.
Exile of Anselm led to Pope's involvement, threat of excommunication, Henry's chief advisor excommunicated as a warning, 1106 Henry reconciles with Anselm and enters negotiations. Agrees to give up investiture but remains the right to homage Anselm returns 1107.
William II 3/10
Lanfranc dies 1089 and Will II doesn't appoint successor, initially taking all the profits of the Bishopric for himself
Sever illness in 1093 and fearing for his life appoints Anselm, who at first rejected the offer before being pressured by the King
Anselm deeply enthused by the reform movement so clashes with Will II who just wants control, Will II refuses Anselm's request to form a reforming council many times over the years
Not as religious as his father and saw the church as something to be controlled and exploited
Clash over which popes to recognise Urban II or Clement III, Anselm already recognised Urban during his time as an Abbot but Will believed it was the King's decision to decide. William secret discussions with Urban, support for no papal letters or legates being sent to England without his knowing.
1098- Anselm asked Will II (in much stronger position, Normandy gained from Rob, rebellions squashed) if he could go to Rome. Gave ultimatum could go and never come back (exiled) or could stay and never ask to go again. Chose exile