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Esophageal cancer - Coggle Diagram

- - - - GERD (Gastroesophageal reflux disease)
      - Barrett’s esophagus
      - Hiatal hernia
    - - Obesity
      - Smoking
    - - Low intake of fresh fruits and vegetables
      - High fat intake
  - - - Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR)
      - Radiofrequency ablation (RFA)
    - - Surgery (esophagectomy)
      - Chemoradiotherapy
      - Targeted therapy (HER2-positive cases: Trastuzumab)
      - Immunotherapy
- - - - Heavy alcohol consumption
      - Tobacco use
      - Consumption of very hot beverages
    - - Low intake of fruits and vegetables
      - Nitrosamine exposure (smoked foods)
    - - Achalasia
      - Plummer-Vinson syndrome
      - History of head/neck radiation
    - - Polycyclic hydrocarbons
      - Poor oral hygiene
  - - - Endoscopic resection
      - Chemoradiotherapy
    - - Surgery (esophagectomy)
      - Radiotherapy
      - Chemotherapy