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AGE
(Ortega, 2013) - Coggle Diagram
AGE
(Ortega, 2013)
Core Concepts & Theories
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Age-related Patterns
Ultimate Attainment: Most early learners achieve native-like proficiency, especially in morphosyntax and phonology, while late learners rarely do, though exceptions exist.
Learning Rate: Adults initially learn faster due to cognitive maturity and metalinguistic skills, but children surpass adults in long-term attainment.
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Empirical Findings
Exceptional late learners, such as Julie (Ioup et al., 1994), demonstrate that age effects are not absolute and can be mitigated by high motivation and exposure.
Studies (e.g., Johnson & Newport, 1989) show a negative correlation between age of onset and grammatical accuracy, supporting sensitive periods for L2 morphosyntax.
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Relevance to SLA
Pedagogical Implications
Early language instruction is advantageous but not sufficient without quality and intensity of exposure.
Late learners can still achieve high proficiency with tailored instruction and sufficient motivation.
Theoretical Implications
Age effects should be studied within bilingual frameworks, considering the interaction of L1 and L2.