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Geography Ecosystems - Coggle Diagram
Geography Ecosystems
Adaptation- A special characteristic that allows an organism to survive in a particular environment. This may be physical or behavioural.
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Sloth uses camouflage and moves slowly to make it hard for predators to see. Longer legs and arms with curved feet for grabbing branches.
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Climates are very hot and arid. Night temperatures can drop below 0 degrees and in the day they can exceed 40.
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Interdependence- The abiotic and biotic parts of an ecosystem that are all linked together and depend on each other.
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Nutrient cycle- Biomass, litter and soil are stores.
Precipitation, surface run-off, weathering and leaching are flows in and out.
Decomposition, Fallout/littering and nutrient uptake are nutrient transfers.
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Decomposer- An organism that breaks down dead plants, animals and waste matter which is recycled into the environment.
Food Chain- The linear connections between different organisms that rely on one another as their source of food.
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Eutrophication- Excessive richness of nutrients in a lake, or other body of water frequently due to run off from the land which causes a dense growth of plant life.
Global ecosystem (Biome)- Very large ecosystems with a specific climate, vegetation and animals.
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Layers of Rainforest: Forest floor layer- 2-5% of sunlight. Very few plants. Large animals. Rapid decomposition so rich topsoil.
Understory/Canopy layer- Contains shrubs, ferns and young tree. Low light levels. Some birds, bats tree frogs and lizards thrive here.
Canopy layer-Tops of trees knit together stopping light going below. 70-90% of rainforest animals live here as protection from predators.
Emergent layer- Very tall trees 40-60m high. Deal with high temperatures and winds. Birds such as macaws, bats, butterflies and monkeys such as spider monkeys.
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Sustainability- Actions and forms of progress that meet the needs of the present without reducing the ability of future generations meeting their needs.
Desert- Parts of the world that have high average temperatures and very low precipitation (below 250mm per year)
Hot deserts are usually found around the tropics around 15-30 degrees north and south of the equator.
Desert soils are thin, sandy, rocky and grey. They are usually dry and infertile. Rain is soaked up very quickly. Soil surface may be crusty.
Interdependence- people rely on camels for transport. Plants need soil to provide nutrients. People rely on the animals for food.
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Desertification-The process by which land becomes drier and degraded as a result of climate change or human activities.
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