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Basic definitions, intro shit - Coggle Diagram

- - - - causes malaria
      - transmissted by female Anopheles mosquito
    - - pathology=diarrhea and GI issues(giardiasis)
      - Transmitted via contaminated water
    - - Causes African sleeping sickness
      - Transmitted by the tsetse fly
    - - Causes toxoplasmosis, which can affect immunocompromised individuals and fetuses
      - Transmitted through undercooked meat, cat feces, or congenitally
    - - Causes leishmaniasis, with cutaneous or visceral forms
      - Transmitted by sandflies
        
        Phlebotamus and
        Lutzomyia
- - - - Cylindrical, non-segmented bodies covered by a protective cuticle.
      - Separate sexes, with females typically larger than males.
      - Example: Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), Ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm)
    - - Definitive Hosts: Host in which the adult stage of the parasite resides and reproduces sexually.
      - Intermediate Hosts: Host in which larval stages develop.
      - Environmental Stages: Eggs or larvae are often released into the environment, requiring specific conditions for further development.
      - Direct Life Cycle: Infection occurs directly (e.g., ingestion of eggs or larvae).
      - Indirect Life Cycle: Requires one or more intermediate hosts (e.g., via insect vectors or consumption of infected tissues
    - - Oral/Fecal Route: Ingestion of eggs or larvae in contaminated food or water (Ascaris, Trichuris).
      - Skin Penetration: Larvae penetrate the skin (Schistosoma, hookworms).
      - Vector-Borne: Transmitted via insect bites (Wuchereria bancrofti by mosquitoes).
      - Consumption of Contaminated Meat: Ingesting larval stages in undercooked meat (Taenia, Trichinella spiralis).
    - - Improved sanitation and hygiene.
      - Mass drug administration programs (e.g., albendazole, praziquantel).
      - Cooking food thoroughly and controlling vectors.