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Corruption and Anti-Corruption - Coggle Diagram
Corruption and Anti-Corruption
corruption
Characteristics
Involves violation of duties or obligations.
Can occur at any hierarchical level.
May include direct or indirect actions.
Types
Bribery: Soliciting, offering, or receiving undue advantages.
Embezzlement: Misappropriation of funds.
Fraud: Deceptive actions for financial gain.
Cronyism: Favoritism toward associates.
Money Laundering: Concealing illicit financial activities.
Definition
Misuse of power for personal gain (Transparency International, 2009).
Fraud, deceit, dishonesty for unlawful benefits.
Actors Involved
Public officials, civil servants, corporate executives, administrators.
Can occur between private individuals or businesses.
High-Risk Sectors
Extractive industries (e.g., mining, oil, gas).
Construction (e.g., bid-rigging, cutting corners).
Transportation and storage (e.g., regulatory corruption).
Finance (e.g., misuse of information).
Anti-Corruption
Key Laws:
MACC Act 2009: Bribery, abuse of power, false claims.
Penalties: Up to 20 years imprisonment, heavy fines.
Government Initiatives
Transparency, whistleblower protections, public awareness.
Definition
Activities to prevent or reduce corruption
Integrity
Factors
Leadership, accountability, ethical governance.
Pillars
Public sectors, judiciary, media, civil society.
Definition.
Moral consistency and ethical behavior.
Strategies to Combat Corruption
technology
E-governance, transparent systems.
legal enforcement
Stronger laws, prosecution of offenders.
Education
Public awareness and ethics training.