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INTRODUCTION OF CRITICAL THINKING - Coggle Diagram
INTRODUCTION OF CRITICAL THINKING
Critical thinking
is the general term given to a wide range of cognitive skills, attitudes, and intellectual dispositions needed to
effectively identify, analyze, and evaluate
arguments and truth claims
discover and overcome biases and false preconceptions
formulate and present sound reasons in support of conclusions
make reasonable, intelligent decisions about what to believe and what to do
skill: reasoning>>evaluating>>problem solving>>decision making>>analyzing
Critical thinking standards
clarity (rõ ràng)
precision(chính xác)
accuracy(chính xác)
relevance(liên quan)
consistency(nhất quán)
logic correctness(tính logic)
completeness(hoàn thiện)
fairness(công bằng)
Benefit of critical thinking
Classroom
understanding the arguments and beliefs of others
critically evaluating those arguments and beliefs
developing and defending one’s own thoughtful, well-supported
arguments and beliefs.
Workplace
reflect and get a deeper understanding of our own and other decision
encourage open-mindedness to change
aid us in being more analytical in solving problem
Life
avoid making foolish personal decision
promote an informed and concerned citizenry capable of making good decision on important social political and economic issues
aid in the development of autonomous thinker capable of examinating their assumption, dogmas and prejudices
Barriers of critical thinking
Egocentrism(chủ nghĩa vị kỉ)
is the tendency to see reality as centered on oneself. Egocentrics are selfish, self-absorbed people who see their rights and needs as more important to everyone else’s.
2 common form
Self-interested thinking is the tendency to accept and defend beliefs that harmonize with one’s self-interest.
Superiority bias is the tendency to overrate oneself—to see oneself as better in some respect than one actually is
solution: important to be able to look honestly
at our personal strengths and weaknesses
Sociocentrism(chủ nghĩa xã hội)
is group-centered thinking
3 form
group bias is the tendency to see one’s own group (nation, tribe, sect, peer group, and the like) as being inherently better than others
tribalism—strong feelings of loyalty to, and identification with, one’s tribe, clan, or perceived in-group
conformism refera to our tendency to follow the crowd, desire to belong to be parts of the in group
be aware of seductive power and develop habits of indepenđent thinking to combat it
Unwarranted Assumptions and Stereotypes( giả định và định kiến ko cơ sở)
Wishful thinking(suy nghĩ viễn vông)
Relativistic thinking (tư duy tương đối)