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CE Revision- The Cotton Industry during the Industrial Revolution - Coggle…
CE Revision- The Cotton Industry during the Industrial Revolution
Before the IR
Power before steam
Human, Animals, Wind, Water
Problems with all of these
The very first factories were water powered
Spinning and weaving at home. No factories.
A reliable and readily available power supply was needed- steam was the answer. Powered by coal.
The Cotton Making Process
In the IR, new technologies were developed to speed the process.
John Kay invented the 'Flying Shuttle'. Mechanised and greatly sped up the weaving process.
The process of turning raw cotton into cloth was long and complicated. Spinning & Weaving
James Hargreaves invented the 'Spinning Jenny'. It allowed multiple threads to be spun at once
Cotton was grown in the Americas, usually using slave labour. It was shipped to Liverpool.
By the 18th Century, cotton was replacing wool as Britain's most popular textile
The Growth of Manchester
The surrounding area also grew rapidly from the cotton industry e.g. Bury, Oldham and Rochdale
The trading of raw and finished cotton was carried out in the Cotton exchange. 32% of all the world's raw cotton went through this building
Richard Arkwright opened the first steam driven cotton mill in the city
The cotton industry enabled many people to become incredibly rich: mill owners, merchants, agents, traders, but not factory workers
This vast rise in population was due to the cotton industry
Factory workers were paid little, worked for long hours and usually moved from the countryside to live in slum housing close to the mills.
Population: 1700=10,000. 1850=400,000. 1900=700,000
CE Questions
b) What do you judge to be the most important consequence of the development of the cotton industry, and why? [8]
c) ‘The cotton industry was the most important industry in Industrial Britain.’ How far do you agree with this statement?[14]
a) Describe two key events in the development of the cotton industry. [8]
Steam Power
Thomas Newcomen- invented the first steam pump. However, they were huge and expensive to run. Used to pump water out of coal mines.
James Watt and Matthew Boulton- improved Newcomen's design, making it useable in factories.
The invention of steam power, greatly improved the number and effectiveness of factories.
The new steam engines could now be built anywhere (ideally near a coal supply) and were installed in all factories. They made Britain 'The Workshop of the World'
Later Developments
In 1779, Samuel Crompton developed the even more effective 'Spinning Mule'.
1785, Edmund Cartwright produced the first steam power loom (for weaving)
Arkwright set up his own cotton factory in Cromford, followed by several more. This made him a very rich man
The growing cotton industry directly impacted and improved transport in and out the country. Particularly railways and shipping
However, this invention needed water or steam to power it. This meant the cotton industry moved from a domestic to industrial setting.
Richard Arkwright developed a 'Water Frame' in 1768. This span cotton far quicker and more effectively. It produced large amounts of cotton quickly.