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Protestant challenges to Elizabeth's Religious Settlement,…
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Parliamentary opposition
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1584-5 – Turner’s ‘Bill and Book’ campaign to abolish prayer book and bishops. A bill passed by both houses on ‘Sabbath observance’ was rejected by Elizabeth criticising
1586-7 Sir Anthony Cope tried again to introduce a similar ‘bill and book’ (Feb 1587) – was imprisoned with four other MPs. Peter Wentworth also challenged Elizabeth on her ‘restriction of freedom of speech’ – he was also imprisoned.
Grindal (1576)
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Appointed Archbishop of Canterbury in 1572 –he’s a conformist puritan. The appointment was supposed to moderate the demands of Presbyterianism.
Clashed with Elizabeth over encouraging preaching and also over ‘prophesyings’ – meetings where people prayed, discussed theology and ideas about how to preach.
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WHITGIFT - E’s chaplain 1563, Archbishop of Canterbury 1583, Privy council 1586
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Vice chancellor of Cambridge – dismissed Cartwright after a ‘pamphlet war’ – Whitgift insisted on unity and obedience to the Monarch.
As Archbishop – introduced 3 Articles – 1) Acknowledge Royal Supremacy, 2) Accept prayer book totally, 3) Recognise that the 39 Articles conform to the Word of God.
Leicester and Walsingham forced him to back down on ‘2’ and change it to just ‘accept. ’Ex Officio Oath
PRESBYTERIANS IN DECLINE
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By end of 1580s – very few Puritan clergy prepared to openly rebel against Whitgift
The Parliamentary approach had failed
After Spanish Armada no longer the need to be so patriotic and puritan.
Key Puritan leaders and sympathisers died eg Leicester 1588, Walsingham 1590, Field 1588