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poltiical parties - Coggle Diagram
poltiical parties
During Jeremy Corbyn's leadership, Labour's policies included:
Economic policy: Increased investment in industry and infrastructure, renationalisation of railways, and opposition to austerity.
Welfare policy: Strong opposition to benefit cuts, support for a state-run NHS, and opposition to student tuition fees.
Law and order policy: Opposition to hard-line policies like increased powers to combat terrorism and identity cards, and criticism of police cuts.
Foreign policy: Consistent opposition to the use of force, withdrawal from NATO's military structure, abolition of Trident, and support for EU membership.
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Emphasis on wealth creation rather than redistribution, with policies like the national minimum wage.
Focus on responsibilities to the community, with measures like ASBOs and a tough stance on crime.
Responsible handling of national finances, conserving resources before investing in public services.
Use of the public sector to deliver services, such as PFI contracts for building schools and hospitals.
Influence of liberal ideology, seen in devolution and the Human Rights Act, though civil liberties were sometimes curbed in the fight against crime and terrorism.
The Labour Party was founded in 1900 to represent working-class people in Parliament. Initially called the Labour Representation Committee, its goal was to improve working and living conditions. By 1918, the party aimed to nationalize key industries and services to benefit the community.
The first Labour government in 1924 was short-lived, and the second in 1929 faced economic challenges. In 1945, Clement Attlee's government made significant changes, including nationalizing industries and creating the National Health Service.
Post-war Labour governments focused on social democracy, managing capitalism to prevent worker exploitation. They introduced welfare policies and comprehensive schools to promote equality.
In 1979, Labour faced internal divisions and a heavy defeat in the 1983 election. Under Neil Kinnock's leadership, the party began to rebuild from the centre-left.
The Labour Party shifted from its hard-left stance in the 1980s to appeal to a broader audience. Tony Blair became leader, revised the party's constitution in 1995, and reduced trade union influence. The party built ties with the business community and became more pro-European. Rebranded as 'New Labour,' it sought a middle ground between socialism and capitalism. Blair's leadership led to a landslide victory in 1997, and he was re-elected twice before Gordon Brown succeeded him in 2007.
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Economic policy: Commitment to eliminating the budget deficit fairly, raising the basic income-tax threshold, and promoting renewable energy.
Welfare policy: Controlling benefit spending, uprating pensions, extending free childcare, and increasing NHS funding.
Law and order: Defending civil liberties, opposing the 'Snoopers' Charter,' and emphasizing prisoner rehabilitation.
Foreign policy: Strong support for EU membership and reluctance to accept the Brexit referendum result.
The strength of a party's leadership, unity, and media image are crucial for electoral success:
Leadership: Voters prefer leaders with a clear direction. For example, James Callaghan's Labour government struggled during the 'winter of discontent' (1978-79), while Margaret Thatcher's tough stance on strikers helped her win the 1979 election.
Unity: Divided parties perform poorly. John Major's Conservatives lost heavily in 1997 due to internal divisions over the EU, while Tony Blair's disciplined Labour Party appeared united and strong.
Media: The media shapes public perception. Televised debates in the 2010 election boosted Nick Clegg's appeal, helping the Liberal Democrats form a coalition government, despite losing seats compared to 2005.