Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Measuring economic development - Coggle Diagram
Measuring economic development
multidimensional nature of economic development
growth-increase in gdp
increase in quantity of human and physical capital
use of new technologies
institutional changes
The Millennium Goals
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.
Achieve universal primary education.
Promote gender equality and empower women. 4. Reduce child mortality.
Improve maternal health.
Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other Diseases. 7. Ensure environmental sustainability.
Global partnership for development.
development-increase in welfare and quality
increases real per capita output
improve standards of living
reduction in poverty
increases access to goods
improve gender equality
increase employment opportunities
reduction of unemployment
reduction in serious inequality in income and wealth
Human development
life sustenance
self-esteem
freedom
sustainable development
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs'
SDG
17 goals developed at United Nations Confon Sustainable Development in Rio de Janeiro in 2012
measuring development
End poverty in alll its forms everywhere
End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
3 Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Achieve gender equality and empower al women and girls
Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, ful and productive employment and decent work for all
Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and and foster innovation
Reduce inequality within and among countries
Make cities and human
settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable
development
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial
ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise hte global partnership for sustainable development
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for al and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
single indicators of economic development
GDP/GNI per person
Gross national income GNI
Purchasing power parity
Using ral GDP?capita
Using real GNI/capita
Using GDP/GNI per capita at PPP
GDP per capita
Health and education indicators
single health indicators
infant mortality rate
life expectancy
number of doctors per 1000 of population
diabetes incidence
Single education indicators
youth literacy rate
adult literacy rate
mean years in school
ratio girls/boys n school
math achievemnt 8th grade
Economic / social inequality indicators
Gini coefficient
murders per 1000 of the population
energy indicators
coal consumption per person
electricity generation per person
oil consumption per person
Environment indicators
CO2 emissions per person
total CO2 emissions
agricultural water withdrawal
primary forest area
Composite Indicators of Development
The Human Development Index
Healthy life
Life expectancy at birth
Income
HDI
education
expected years of schooling-> mean years of schooling
GNI per capita
HDI
Life expectancy index
Education index
Gini index
HDI
Inequality adjusted human development index
To deal with lack of information that the HDI provides on inequality
The IHDI will be equal to the HDI value when there is no inequaity, but falls below the HDI value as inequality rises
IHDI measures the level of human development when inequality is accounted for
the differences between HDI and IHDI can be expressed as a percentage and represents the loss in potential human development due to inequality
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
Measures gender inequality using three dimensions
Reproductive health
empowerment
the labour market
Happy planet index (HPI)
measure sustainable wellbeing
countires ranked by how efficiently they deliver long, happy lives using the earth's scarce resources in a sustainable way
three variable
wellbeing
life expectancy
ecological footprint
HPI score=(wellbeing x life expectancy)/(ecological footprint)
Evaluating different approaches
composite indicators provide better insight than single indicators
single indicators useful in prioritising different aspects of development
qualitative data is used to measure many aspects of economic development
it requires time to gather qualitative data
Advantage and disadvantage of using HDI
Advantages
provides amore useful comparison metric than single indicators
incorporates three of the most important metric
provides opportunity for meaningful comparisons
goal for governemnts to use when developing their policies
help understand quality of life
Disadvantages
does not measure the inequality that exist
does not measure or compare the levels of absolute and relative poverty that exist
does not provide short term information for many countries
data often lags reality