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EY W4 attachment and deprivation - Coggle Diagram
EY W4 attachment and deprivation
what is attachment
a deep seated emotional tie that one individual forms with another, binding them together in space and enduring over time
why its important-
for security- Ainsworth, Bowlby
to protect children from Bowlby
assumptions of attachment theory
parents plays central role in childs development
cognitive sensory motor skills necessary for attachment (object permanence)
learning in social interactions important
attachment behaviours are most commonly seen when children are separated from thier caregivers
who is the attachment figure?
traditionally seen as the mother but evidence for multiple attachments, quality of caregiver important (people who are responsive/ interactive/ playful)
development of attachment types
genetic/predisposition: modest infleunce, twins studies= 70% MZ, 64% DZ concordance rates
environmental influences
materbal sensitivity hypothesis, suggested that maternal sensitivity predicts secure/B or insecure/AC attachment
maternal mind mindedness, maternal sensitivity predicted attachment security
internal working model
limitation of attachment theory
cultural and individual differences
Bowlby- attachment as lifespan construct but attachment often assessed beyond infancy, newer work assesses attachment in pre-school/ school age/ adult populations
Issues raised by attahcment
role of mother or other caregivers
changes in cultural/social context of childrearing
attachment formed to responsive people
attachments to mother and father are independent- based on relationships not traits
caregiver characteristics key in determining quality of attachment relationships
traditionally mother as key figure
childcare and attachment
Belsky 1988- 20+ hours per week of non-maternal care in 1st year, insecure attachment patterns, less compliance/ more aggression
character of mother/father is crucial
childcare quality not quanitity that is important- benefit of quality childcare can offset poor parenting
attachment beyond infancy
attachment type can predict other types of development
Kochanska 2001- infant studies from 9-33 months= assessed in lab episodes aimed to elict fear, anger or joy (avoidant infants= more fearful, resistant infants= less joyful, disorganised infants= more angry
secure attachment has further benefits
adult attachment
adult attachment interview AAI- semi structured interview, widely used
adults talk about early attachments with parents/caregivers
classifications: secure/B, dismissing/A, preoccupied/C, unresolved loss/D
based on adults representation of attachments (good or bad)
attachment across generations
Main et al 1985- support for intergenerational transmission
internal working model
parental sensitivity responsiveness
stability of attachment
evidence of continuity, over first few years
effects of life events- secure to insecure= divorce, death, poverty, abuse, illness