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Impacts of Global Flows & associated risks - Coggle Diagram
Impacts of Global Flows & associated risks
Food
Food Transportation
Trade routes stop after the outbreak of war in Ukranie
Air Freight of Fresh Produce
Fresh fruits and vegetables are often flown from countries in the Global South (e.g., Kenya, Ecuador) to wealthy markets in Europe and North America. The carbon footprint of air-freighted produce is much higher than that of goods transported by ship or land.
Seafood from Southeast Asia to Global Markets
Southeast Asian countries like Thailand and Vietnam are major exporters of seafood, particularly shrimp, to markets in North America, Europe, and Asia.
Carnival Cooperation
Releasing over 500,000 gallons of sewage
Destroy marine habitats and food resources
Polluting sea water and marine resources
Destroying food resources
Loss of Biodiversity
Industrial Corn Production in the U.S.
The U.S. is a major exporter of corn, and much of it is grown in monocultures. The demand for corn as a food product, animal feed, and biofuel has intensified industrial farming practices.
Tourism
Transportation (~75% of emissions)
Air travel: The largest contributor, responsible for around 40% of tourism-related emissions.
Example:
A round-trip flight from New York to London emits approximately 1.7 metric tons of CO₂ per passenger. To put this in perspective, this is nearly half of the average annual per capita emissions in many countries.
Road transport: Emissions from cars, buses, and other vehicles used by tourists.
A family road trip covering 500 km in a mid-size petrol car generates approximately 100 kg of CO₂.
Cruises: Although less frequent, cruises have a high per-passenger carbon footprint due to the heavy fuel use of ships.
A week-long cruise for one passenger can produce around 2 metric tons of CO₂, equivalent to driving a car for about 10,000 km.
Beyond CO₂, cruise ships emit sulfur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), which contribute to air pollution and acid rain.
Accommodation (~20% of emissions)
Energy consumption in hotels (heating, cooling, lighting, and laundry) contributes significantly to emissions.
A luxury hotel with heated pools, spas, and 24-hour air conditioning has a much higher carbon footprint than a small budget hotel or guesthouse.
A study found that a single night at a luxury hotel emits about 15-30 kg of CO₂ per room, while an eco-friendly guesthouse emits less than 5 kg.
Food and Activities (~5% of emissions)
Dining, especially in high-end restaurants, and energy-intensive activities such as skiing, golf, and theme parks contribute to emissions.
Local tourism services, such as guided tours and attractions, also add to the overall carbon footprint.
Trade
Supply Chain Disruptions: Vulnerable to natural disasters, pandemics, and conflicts.
Economic Inequality: Uneven benefits across countries and individuals.
Environmental Impact: Increases carbon emissions, resource depletion, and pollution.
Geopolitical Tensions: Trade wars, tariffs, and sanctions disrupt global flows.
Financial Volatility: Capital flows can lead to market instability and crises.
Health Risks: Disease spread and substandard products can affect global safety.
Cultural Erosion: Dominance of global corporations can overshadow local cultures.
Goods/Services: Facilitates exchange, boosts growth, and drives supply chains.
Capital Flow: Investments across borders enable projects and resource allocation.
Information/Tech: Accelerates innovation and global productivity.
Diversification: Reduces dependence on single trade partners or supply chains.
Sustainability: Promotes fair trade and eco-friendly practices.
Regulation: Global agreements and organizations ensure stability and fairness.
Innovation: Technologies like blockchain and automation improve efficiency.
Resilience: Risk management and disaster preparedness enhance stability.
Shipping
Worldwide, from 2007 to 2012, shipping accounted for 15% of annual NOx emissions from anthropogenic sources, 13% of SOx and 3% of CO2.