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Overview of the skeletal system, (:check:, :no_entry:), :check:, :warning:…
Overview of the skeletal system
The human skeleton consists of a total of 206 bones that are held together by ligaments at the joints, each having their own specific function.
Support and balence
The skeleton supports the body and gives it its shape.
The bones form the shape and support the body.
The different lengths and thicknesses of the bones make up the unique size and shape of a body.
~The skeleton protects vital organs such as the brain, heart and lungs.
~For example, the cranium protects the brain, the ribs protect the heart and lungs, the pelvis protects the abdomen, and the spinal column protects the spinal cord.
Protection
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Movement
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The skeleton allows the body to create movement.
Muscles are attached to bones
The muscles contract and pull on the bones to create movement.
Blood cell production
~The bones produce blood.
~Blood cells are made in the bone marrow of long bones such as the femur, humerus and ribs.
~The bone marrow of a human adult produces all of the red blood cells, some of the white cells and all of the platelets in the body.
Long Bones
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They are significantly longer than their width.
They are responsible for making a large range of movement and act as levers.
Examples include the femur, humerus, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals and phalanges.
Short Bones
~They tend to be as long as they are wide.
~They are small, light and very strong
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~They are responsible for bearing weight, absorbing shock and making fine movements.
~Examples include the carpals and tarsals.
Flat Bones
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They are normally flat and have a large surface area.
Their large surface provides areas for muscles to attach to.
They are responsible for protecting the organs.
Examples include the cranium, scapula and sternum.
Irregular Bones
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They provide protection and support.
They are specially shaped to perform particular functions.
Examples include the vertebrae in the back for protecting the spinal cord.
Types and characteristics of joints
A joint is a place where two or more bones meet and that allows a range of movement or rotation for a body part. Joints can be classified into three main types.
Immovable or Fixed Joints
Slightly Movable Joints
Freely Movable Joints
Types of freely movable joints and their range of movement
Ball and Socket Joint
Hinge Joint
Pivot Joint
Gliding Joint
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Joint movement
Joint movements occur when the body moves to perform physical activities. Several types of movements take place at the joints.
The table summarises the different joint movements that take place when you move.
The three different types of body movement:
~longitudial axis
Frontal Axis
Sagittal Axis
Transverse Axis
Types of connective Tissues
Ligaments
Tendons
Cartiliage
common injuires sustained at the joints
dislocation
Sprain
Torn cartiliage
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