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Antioxidants, References
Gonzalez, M. (1990). Ascorbic Acid and…
Antioxidants
Selenium
Functions
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Non-Antioxidant Roles
Converts T4 to active T3
Thyroid hormones needed for BMR regulation, growth & development
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Sources
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Plant Sources
Grains, seeds grown in Se-rich soil
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Vitamin A (fat soluble)
Carotenoids
Beta-Carotene
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Sources
Red and orange fruit
mango, cantaloupe, apricots, mango
Fortification
fortified breakfast cereals, fortified margarine
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Functions
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Antioxidant Roles
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in vitro effects are present, but less clear in humans
Retinoids
Sources
Animal-based
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Liver (Pate)
Beef, Lamb and Chicken Liver
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Deficiency
Symptoms
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Night Blindness, Dry Eyes
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Vitamin E (fat soluble)
Functions
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Antioxidant Role
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In mitochondrial and nuclear membranes to protect DNA and other cell components from oxidizing damage
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Toxicity
Due to intake of 800-1200mg/day, RDA = 15mg/day
Muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea
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Forms
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Stored in fat tissue
~90%, small amounts found in cell membranes and liver
Sources
Plant Oils
Examples: Corn, wheat, sunflower, safflower, soybean, almond
Nuts
Brazil, hazelnuts, almonds
Seeds
Sunflower, pumpkin, sesame
Whole grains, peanut butter
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