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CONCEPTUAL MAP UNIT 1,2,3 gestion - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A project is a set of interdependent activities aimed at a specific objective, with predetermined time and cost constraints.
    - - Projects in civil engineering (e.g., Mesopotamia, Rome) and military campaigns were early examples of management practices involving logistics, resource allocation, and cost control.
    - - o Technical: Application of specific knowledge.
        
        o Human: Interpersonal relationships and interest management.
        
        o Management: Coordination of elements for project success.
  - - - o Preliminary report, rationale, location, and target audience.
        
        o Objectives, methodology, timeline, and resources.
        
        o Evaluation and final report.
    - - Division into phases to reduce complexity, facilitate control, and improve management.
    - -  Phases: Sets of activities with defined objectives.
         Deliverables: Intermediate, assessable products.
  - - - Linear Model:
      - o Sequential phases with no significant feedback loops.
      - o Useful when specifications are clear from the start.
      - Prototyping Model:
      - o An initial prototype is developed to evaluate specifications before the final product.
      - o Ideal for innovative projects with technological uncertainties.
      - Spiral Model:
      - o Iterative progression through successive prototypes.
      - o Gradually resolves uncertainties.
  - - - • Definition Phase (What to do?):
      - o Feasibility study.
      - o Identify system requirements (functions, limitations, and context).
      - o Ensure achievable requirements.
      - o Formalize agreements with users.
      - o Plan in detail.
      - • Design Phase (How to do it?):
      - o Identify technological solutions for system functions.
      - o Allocate resources.
      - o Propose subcontractors.
      - o Validate and refine design specifications.
      - • Construction Phase:
      - o Produce the desired product or service.
      - o Integrate outsourced elements.
      - o Validate and adjust design to meet defined requirements.
      - • Maintenance and Operation Phase:
      - o Operation: Ensure intended use.
      - o Maintenance: Address non-routine issues, especially in software.
    - - • General Studies:
        
        o Regional/sectoral studies for potential programs/projects.
        
        o Preliminary studies for alternatives (technical, environmental, financial, etc.).
        
        o Research for technological adaptation.
        
        o Institutional strengthening studies.
      - • Specific Studies:
        
        o Pre-feasibility: Evaluate project alternatives for viability.
        
        o Feasibility: Deepen analysis with economic evaluations.
        
        o Engineering designs for execution.
        
        o Complementary studies for improved presentations.
    - - • By Purpose:
        
        o Replacement (maintenance or cost reduction).
        
        o Expansion (current or new products/markets).
        
        o Safety/environmental compliance.
        
        • By Economic Scope:
        
        o Economic, financial, and legal aspects.
      - Stages in Project Development
        
        • Key Phases:
        
        o Planning: Define constraints, resources, and strategies.
        
        o Execution: Implement project tasks and manage resources.
        
        o Delivery/Start-Up: Finalize, test, and transfer the product.
        
        • Additional Phases:
        
        o Initiation: Define objectives and resources.
        
        o Control: Monitor progress, address deviations, and guide teams.
      - Evaluation and Methodology
        
        • Combine experiments, market observations, and surveys for decision-making.
        • Marketing analysis as a foundation for project definition.
        
        Software Project Specifics
        
        • Includes 10 stages:
        
        Idea generation
        feasibility studies
        functional analysis
        programming
        testing
        implementation
        balance
        audit.
- - - - Identify physical, chemical, or other attributes of the main product, considering its coherence with technical studies. Specify if it's for export, traditional, or a new product.
    - - • Key Elements:
      - Main Product: Core attributes for identification.
      - By-products: Identify and define uses for by-products from production.
      - Substitute Products: Identify similar market alternatives and assess competitive conditions.
      - Complementary Products: Analyze dependencies on other goods or services and their market relationships.
      - • Product Lifecycle:
        
        Products evolve through introduction, growth, maturity, and decline phases, analyzed using the BCG Matrix:
        
        Question Marks: High growth, low market share.
        
        Stars: High growth, high market share.
        
        Cash Cows: Low growth, high market share.
        
        Dogs: Low growth, low market share.
  - - - Quantify the population's willingness and ability to purchase the product, including current demand trends and future projections using statistical methods and consumer behavior factors.
        
        o Current Demand: Evaluate consumption volume and geographical distribution of consumers.
        
        o Indicators: Analyze growth rates and price elasticity.
        
        o Future Demand: Use historical trends, population growth, and other economic factors to project demand.
        
        • Supply Analysis:
        
        Evaluate current production levels, market competition, and production capacity.
        
        o Current Supply: Analyze production volumes, market participation, technical capacity, and pricing structures.
        
        o Future Supply: Project supply trends by considering economic evolution, policy changes, and external factors.
    - - • Pricing Mechanisms:
        
        Examine methods for price determination, such as market conditions, government regulations, production costs, and demand-based pricing.
        
        • Price Setting:
        
        Define probable price ranges, maximum and minimum, and their impact on demand and financial estimates.
      - 2.4 Commercialization Analysis
        
        • Purpose:
        
        Assess product consumption at various projected price levels and identify unmet demand.
        
        o Steps: Compare projected demand with supply, calculate unmet demand, and identify strategies to capture market share or expand opportunities.
        
        • Commercialization Chain:
        
        Define the product's journey from production to final consumer, including distribution channels (factory gate, wholesale, retail, direct to consumer).
        
        • Additional Costs:
        
        Consider advertising, packaging, customer service, transportation, and other commercialization-related expenses.
- - - - • Decide project characteristics: capacity, location, and process.
      - • Evaluate:
      - • Project magnitude.
      - • Optimal location.
      - • Required engineering.
      - • Production organization.
  - - - • Objective: Maximize profitability or minimize unit costs.
      - • Considerations:
      - • Transportation costs.
      - • Availability and costs of inputs.
      - • Human resources.
      - • Decentralization policies.
      - • Levels of analysis:
      - • Macro: Comparison between geographic areas.
      - • Micro: Details of specific land plots, considering:
        
        Access routes, labor transportation, electric power, water, land value, and workforce quality.
        
        Economic Method: Evaluate costs of strategic location.
    - - • Purpose: Address all aspects of plant installation and operation.
      - • Key Aspects:
        
        • Product or service description.
        
        • Inputs, supplies, and suppliers.
        
        • Technology selection based on: processes, capacity, environment, and intellectual property.
        
        • Production process: operations, machinery, equipment, and organization.
      - • Production Plan:
        
        • Production volume based on demand, machinery, and capacity.
        • Requires monetary flow planning.
        
        • Production Program:
        
        • Defines required resources per period (daily, monthly, annually).
        
        • Inventory Policy:
        
        • Establishes reorder points and replenishment periods.
        
        • Graphs to visualize required inputs.
        
        • Machinery and Equipment Requirements:
        
        • Based on production capacity, working days, shifts, and effective working hours.
        
        • Machinery and Equipment Requirements
        
        • Criteria:
        
        • Roadmap.
        
        • Monthly product needs.
        
        • Summary of Machinery and Equipment:
        
        • Name, quantity, specifications (capacity, voltage, space, etc.).
        • Basic function and technical drawings.
        
        • Flexibility:
        
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