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Biology, Excretory/renal system - Coggle Diagram

- - - - take up the same amount of space as the above parts of the plant
    - - Absorb water and minerals from the soil then they transported to all parts of the plant
        
        Anchor the plant firmly in the ground so it is not pulled out by strongly wind or an animal that pulls on the leaves
        
        to store food for certain fruits and vegatables
        
        e.g beetroot, carrot
        
        water for photosynthesis
      - Without roots...
        
        Without roots, the plant can't absorb water, so its cells dry out
        
        then can't make food by photosynthesis
        
        The plant is not supported in the ground, so it may fall over
        
        the leaves will not be held out where they can absorb light for photosynthesis
    - - vertically down roots
    - - clusters of roots
    - - root hair cells
        
        provide a bigger surface area for the root because of its long extension
        
        allows for the absorption of water and minerals to be even faster
        
        absorb water and minerals from the soil
        
        by osmosis
        
        when water moves from the soil (an area of high concentration) to the root (an area of low concentration)
        
        without energy, so it's a passive process
        
        grows out of the surface of roots
    - - Since water evaporates instead of moving it has lower water potential. The water evaporating makes like a suction for all water to move up, since water is like connected. The xylem vessels also provide tubes for the water to move thorough
        
        water potential in the soil is more than inside the roots
        
        water always goes from an area of low water potential to high even if that means defying gravity
- - - - Sources to sinks
      - carbs as sucrose, glucose, and proteins as amino acids
  - - - helps plant stand upright
      - Wilting
        
        Young plant stems and leaves rely on their cells being turgid (full of water) to keep them rigid. If the amount of water lost from the leaves of a plant is greater than the amount taken into the roots, the plant will have a water shortage and become flaccid (soft) and will no longer press against each other. The leaves lose their rigidity, and wilt.
    - - carries mineral ions
    - - when evaporated, it cools the plant
    - - water is needed for photosynthesis
  - - - the water will move faster and will diffuse faster
    - - High humidity reduces the water vapor concentration gradient between the leaf and the air outside. This decreased gradient slows down water vapor diffusion out of the leaf
    - - removes water molecules as they pass out the leave
    - - Increased light intensity causes stomata to open wider
- - - - carbon dioxide is excreted by the respiratory system (lungs mainly), while the rest is excreted by the renal system
        
        renal means 'to do with kidneys'
      - Urea is made by the liver when we have excess protein (amino acids)
        
        the urea is then taking to the kidney. It filters the blood leaving urea and excess water that is then transferred to the ureter, bladder and finally the urethra
        
        A small amount of urea is also excreted in sweat
- - - - Dietary needs
        
        Protein
        
        needed to make new cells for the fetus
        
        Carbs
        
        provide energy for both the mother and child
        
        if a mother eats too much carbs, it can change to fat with can be hard to remove after pregnancy
        
        Vitamins and minerals
        
        Different types of minerals are needed for different types of things that can benefit the fetus
        
        Iron
        
        needed to make haemoglobin
        
        Calcium
        
        helps the baby grow strong bones and maintains the mother's bones