Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Current & Emerging Trends - Coggle Diagram
Current & Emerging Trends
DNA Computing
DNA Definition
a self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. it is the carrier of genetic information.
Differences between DNA and binary
DNA is digital but not binary (uses four possible bits: C, A, T, G)
instead of a byte of 8 bits, DNA has codons consisting of three digits
A DNA codon has 64 possible values, binary byte has 256
Advantages of using DNA computers over silicon based ones
there will always be a supply of DNA due to many cellular organisms
large supply of DNA so cheaper resource
DNA biochips are made cleanly, traditional microprocessors are made of toxic materials
DNA computers are many times smaller than today's computers
Other Advantageous Uses of DNA computing
DNA as a data storage medium
Can survive in a cool dry environment for hundreds of thousands of years
Very small storage size
Number crunching abilities
Code breaking
Build new things
Build tiny complex structures using computer logic
Artificial Intelligence
AI Definition
The ability of a digital computer or computer controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. (intelligent beings are those who can adapt to changing circumstances)
AI solves cognitive problems commonly associated with human intelligence
Challenges for AI
knowledge
reasoning
problem solving
perception
learning
planning
ability to manipulate and move objects
Examples of AI uses
self-driving cars
robots that impersonate humans
machine learning
AI in use today
AI uses in medicine
analysing test results
computers can spot medical markers far more accurately than humans so they are trained using millions of scans of the diagnosis
health monitoring
wearable health trackers monitor heart rate and activity levels, capable of sending alerts and sharing information
digital consultations
apps make a diagnosis and recommend treatment based on the patient's medical history and knowledge when patients report symptoms
AI uses in everyday life
algorithms like Netflix and Amazon examine what you've bought or watched in the past and make recommendations
virtual assistants like Siri and Cortana
software for Airbus planes like motion sensors and GPS
financial companies use algorithms to monitor transaction requests by spotting transaction patterns to alert users of suspicious activity
Quantum Computing
Differences between quantum computing and classical computing
Quantum computers are based on quantum mechanics classical computers are based on normal laws of classical physics
quantum mechanics definition
a theory that explains the nature and behaviour of matter and energy on the atomic and subatomic level
subatomic particle definition
a unit of matter below the size of an atom, including the elementary particles such as quarks that all atoms are made up of
quantum mechanics principles
superposition
superposition definition
the ability of a quantum system to be in multiple states at the same time until it is measured
superposition uses
microwave lasers
microwave lasers can put qubits into superposition so that they exist in multiple states
qubits can be 1s and 0s at the same time
2 more items...
entanglement
definition
co-dependence of the quantum states of pairs or groups of particles
explanation
changing the state of one qubit can immediately change the state of the other even over huge distances
Classical computers use bits, quantum computers use qubits
qubits definition
a quantum bit, the counterpart in quantum computing to the binary digit or bit of classical computing
fragility of quantum state of the qubits
many factors can easily cause a change from a superposition state
slight vibrations
small change in temperature
effect of interruption
known as 'noise'
causes lots of errors in calculations
qubits vs bits
qubits are subatomic particles such as electrons and photons
how qubits are generated
superconducting circuits
electrical circuits that have zero electrical resistance
Quantum computers do complex calculations that classical computers would take millions of years to solve
due to superposition
qubits don't do calculations one at a time but rather all at the same time
Examples of quantum computing today
volkswagen- to stimulate the chemical composition of electrical vehicle batteries to improve performance
pharmaceutical companies-to analyse and compare chemical compounds that could lead to the creation of new drugs
quantum computers- can be used to create models to find optimal conditions
airbus- using them to help calculate the most fuelk-effecient acent ans descent paths for aircraft
optimising traffic flow in future cities
a central quantum computer could imagine all possible solutuons to traffic flow immediately
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology Definition
the manipulation of matter with a size of from 1 to 100 nanometres
the manipulation of matter on an atomic and molecular sclae
Nanometre (nm)
one-millionth of a metre
Nanotechnology as an interdisciplinary field
biologists
chemists
physicists
engineers
Nanotechnology Uses in Computers
Reducing the size of transistors
Why
Reducing the size of transistors allows for more transistors that leads to more powerful processors
Limitations
may not be possible to produce transistors using silicon below 7 nm
Further Research
scientists are experimenting with carbon nanotubes
using carbon nanotubes could be more advantageous than using silicon chips
carbon nanotubes could be five times faster
carbon nanotubes use less energy than silicon chips