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Cell Structure and Organisation (1) - Coggle Diagram
Cell Structure and Organisation (1)
cell structures
ORGANELLES
Mitochondria
oval or sausage-shaped organelles
SITE of AEROBIC RESPIRATION (requires O^2), They oxidise (O^2) food to RELEASE ENERGY for CELLULAR ACTIVITIES
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)
more tubular than RER, DOES NOT HAVE RIBOSOMES attached to its surface
functions: synthesises substances such as FATS and STEROIDS & is involved in DETOXIFICATION
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)
Network of flattened spaces lined with a membrane
RER appears rough because its surface is STUDDED WITH RIBOSOMES
Function: TRANSPORTS PROTEINS MADE BY THE RIBOSOMES to the Golgi Apparatus
ribosomes
small round structures
responsible for PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
either ATTACHED to RER or lie freely in cytoplasm
Golgi body
Consists of FLATTENED SPACES surrounded by membranes
CHEMICALLY MODIFIES SUBSTANCES by the ER, STORES & PACKAGES the substances in VESICLES for secretion out of the cell (transport) (budding process)
Vacuoles
Stores substances within the cell (water)
fluid filled space enclosed by a partially permeable membrane
Cell membrane
made up of LIPIDS & PROTEINS surrounds the cytoplasm
PARTIALLY permeable
Only allows CERTAIN SUBSTANCES that are SMALL and SOLUBLE to pass through
Nucleus
Controls MAIN CELL ACTIVITIES, such as CELL DIVISION, CELL GROWTH & CELL REPAIR
*no nucleus, no cell activities!!!
Chromosomes
made up of deoxyribonucleic acid of DNA which CARRIES HERIDITARY INFOMATION
condenses into think, rod-shaped structures when the cell is dividing
Cell wall
FULY permeable
Protects the cell from injury & gives the cell a fixed shape
made of CELLULOSE, surrounds the cell membrane
Cytoplasm
MAIN SITE of most CELLULAR ACTIVITIES
Contains SPECIALISED STRUCTURES called ORGANELLES
found between the cell membrane and nucleus
Chloroplast
Oval structures found in plant cells (only)
Contains a GREEN PIGMENT called CHLOROPHYLL, which is required for photosynthesis to occur
Structure comparison between an animal cell & a plant cells
have a cell wall
no cell wall
have numerous small vacuoles
No chloroplasts
have a large central vacuole
have chloroplasts (some only)
Specialised cells (that have particular functions
Red blood cells
Circular Biconcave Shape*
INCREASES surface area-to-volume ratio for INCREASED rate of oxygen intake
Absence of nucleus
Allows PACKING OF MORE HAEMOGLOBIN for transport of MORE oxygen
Contains HAEMOGLOBIN
BINDS TO OXYGEN and transports it around the body
Root hair cell
LONG & NARROW extension structure
INCREASES surface area-to-volume ratio for HIGHER rate of absorption of WATER & MINERAL SALTS
MANTAINS a LOWER WATER POTENTIAL in vacuole
ALLOW WATER to ENTER the root hair cell VIA OSMOSIS
Muscle cell
Has contractile protein fibres
CONTRACT & RELAX to bring about movement
contain MANY mitochondria
RELEASES MORE ENERGY for contraction of muscle cell
Has MANY nuclei
Allow for CELL DIVISION