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settlement - Coggle Diagram
settlement
functions
market
Some towns developed as markets for farmers and traders to sell their goods. Today there are shops and other services such as banks and post offices.
defence
Some settlements began on an easily defended site such as a river. It was a place of protection which usually had a castle.
resource
Some towns developed around an area with a natural resource, such as coal.
religious
Some towns developed in places that once had an ecclesiastical function, like monasteries. Churches and other religious buildings still provide a religious function
port
Towns can also grow up around a place where ships dock. Large ports are often surrounded by settlement
industrial
Some towns have a long association with a particular industry. Today industrial estates provide employment for people.
transport
Some towns developed at bridging points because people had to come there to cross the river. All towns today provide transport services for people.
tourism
Towns can develop around a beach or other leisure facility. These are usually holiday resorts.
Towns also provide leisure facilities for locals and facilities that attract people to visit, such as sports stadiums.
residential
Towns that are close to cities and workplaces attract people to live there. These became known as dormitory or commuter towns.
types of settlement
pre-christian
The first settlers who came to Ireland chose sites for: Water-near rivers because they needed a water source. Food-near their food sources and on fertile land. such as flood plains rich in alluvium. Defence-locations they could defend when under attack: near rivers, coasts and cliffs. Communications coastal locations where settlers first arrived and at bridging points on rivers. The first settlers mainly travelled by river.
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celtic
The Celts arrived in Ireland around 500 BCE. They built small farming settlements. Sometimes they built artificial islands on the beds of lakes called Crannógs. They also built defensive settlements called forts, often in upland and coastal areas.
evidence on OS maps
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forts - ring, hill and promontory
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early christain
Monasteries were built by monks after Saint Patrick brought Christianity to Ireland in the fifth century. These monasteries were often built in remote places like Glendalough in Co. Wicklow. They were important places of refuge, education and religion.
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norman
The Normans invaded Ireland in the twelfth century (1169). They built great castles along the banks of rivers. They chose to settle on the banks of rivers so they could defend themselves. The Normans first arrived in the south and east of Ireland and they mainly settled there. Kilkenny City is famous for its magnificent Norman castle
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viking
The Vikings came to Ireland from Scandinavia around 800 CE. They made the dangerous journey in longboats. They settled along the coastline of Ireland, especially at river estuaries. Examples of Viking Settlements are Wexford and Waterford.
evidence on the OS maps
place names that include 'ford' (from the norwegian word fjord), such as waterford and wexford
plantation
In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, British people came to Ireland and set up towns. Parts of Ireland were planted or settled by people loyal to the king or queen of England. These towns were known as plantation towns. Examples of plantation towns include Portarlington and Portlaoise in Co, Laois, and Youghal and Mallow in Co. Cork
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