Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
4.4 The management of natural increase - Coggle Diagram
4.4 The management of natural increase
Reasons for Managing Natural Increase:
Rapid population growth from high natural increase can lead to:
Pressure on resources (food, water and energy.
Overcrowding and strain on housing, healthcare and education.
Environmental degradation (deforestation, soil erosion and pollution).
Economic challenges, including unemployment and poverty.
Negative natural increase (population decline) can result in:)
Ageing populations and reduced workforce.
Economic stagnation and increased dependency ratios.
Approaches to Managing Natural Increase:
Anti-Natalist Policies:
Aimed at reducing birth rates to slow population growth.
Strategies:
Family Planning and contraception availability.
Education campaigns promoting smaller families.
Incentives for fewer children (e.g., tax breaks and subsidies).
Case Study:
China's One Child Policy:
Introduced in 1979 to curb population growth.
Methods: Economic penalties for additional children, free contraception and sterilisation.
Outcomes: Reduced birth rate but led to gender imbalance and ageing population.
Pro-Natalist Policy:
Aimed at increasing birth rates in areas with declining populations.
Strategies:
Financial incentives (e.g., baby bonuses, childcare subsidies)>
Support for working parents (e.g., parental leave, affordable childcare).
Promotion of family values through cultural and social programs).
Case Study:
France's Pro-Natalist Policy:
Offers financial incentives, tax benefits, and subsidised childcare to encourage larger families.
Outcomes: Increased fertility rates while maintaining gender equality in the workforce.
Integrated Approaches:
Combining policies to balance population growth and sustainable development.
Focus on:
Education, particuarly for women, to reduce fertility rates.
Economic development to reduce dependency on large families.
Healthcare improvements to lower infant mortality rates and reduce the need for high birth rates.
Ethical and Social Considerations in Managing Natural Increase:
Cultural Sensitivity: Policies must respect cultural and religious beliefs about family size.
Gender Equality: Women's rights and autonomy must be prioritised in family planning.
Human Rights: Policies should avoid coercion or forced sterilisation, which violate personal freedoms.
Challenges in Managing Natural Increase:
Implementation Issues:
Resistance to family planning due to cultural or religious beliefs.
Limited resources and infrastructure in LICs to support population policies.
Unintended Consequences:
Anti-natalists policies may lead to gender imbalances and ageing populations.
Pro-natalist policies can strain public finances.
Global Inequalities:
Different challenges for LICs versus HICs