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4.1 Natural increase as a component of population change - Coggle Diagram
4.1 Natural increase as a component of population change
Definition of Natural Increase:
Natural Increase: The difference between the crude birth rate (CBR) and the crude death rate (CDR) in a population, expressed as a percentage.
Formula: Natural Increase (%) = (CBR - CDR) ÷ 10
A positive value indicates population growth, while a negative value indicates natural decrease.
Components of Natural Increase:
Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
Definition:
The number of live births per 1,000 people per year.
Influenced by:
Economic Development: Higher living standards often lead to lower birth rates.
Cultural and Religious Beliefs: Influence on family size and fertility.
Education: Higher education levels, particularly for women, often result in lower birth rates.
Government Policies: Pro-natalist or anti-natalist policies affect fertility rates.
Crude Death Rate (CDR):
Definition:
The number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.
Influenced by:
Healthcare: Availability and quality of medical care greatly affects death rates.
Living Conditions: Nutrition, sanitation and housing quality also affects death rates.
Age Structure: Populations with a higher proportion of elderly people often have higher death rates.
Disease and Conflicts: Epidemics, pandemics and wars can increase death rates.
Variations in Natural Increase:
High Natural Increase:
Common in Low Income Countries (LICs) due to high birth rates and declining death rates from improving healthcare.
Low or Negative Natural Increase:
Common in High Income Countries (HICs) due to low birth rates and ageing populations.
Implications of Natural Increase:
Population Growth:
High natural increase contributes to rapid population growth, especially in LICs.
Leads to challenges such as pressure on resources, unemployment and infrastructure strain.
Ageing Population:
Low or negative natural increase in HICs results in ageing populations, with implications for healthcare, pensions and labour markets.
Urbanisation:
High natural increase often drives rural-to-urban migration, leading to urban expansion.