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LIÊN TỪ - Coggle Diagram
LIÊN TỪ
THỜI GIAN : after, as, before, when, while, since, as soon as
After/ sau khi
After he had finished his work, he went out for a drink
- Before / trước khi
He had finished his work before he went out for a drink
Nhượng bộ: Although, though, even though, even if, notwithstanding that
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Điều kiện: if, once, unless, in case, provided that
once / một khi
Once you have well-prepared for it, you will certainly be successful
Lý do: as, because, since, now that
because + mệnh đề / because of + cụm danh từ/ Ving + mệnh đề/ now that/ since / as / seeing that / vì, bởi vì...nên
She didn't go to school because she was ill.
= She didn't go to school because of her illness.
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Kết quả: so ... that...
so that / in oder that / để mà
I'm my best to study English well so that can a better job.
Sự thêm vào
Moreover, Besides, Furthermor
Besides / moreover / furthermore / in addition / ngoài ra, hơn nữa, thêm vào đó
I can't go now, I'm too busy. Besides, my passport is out of date.
Đối lập
However, Nevertheless
Kết quả
Therefore, As a result
Ví dụ :
For example = For instance / ví dụ, chẳng hạn như
There are many interesting places to visit in the city. The art museum, for instance, has an excellent collection of modern paintings.
LIÊN TỪ TƯƠNG HỖ : nối các cụm từ, mệnh đề có chức năng tương đương về mặt ngữ pháp
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Whether...or..( dù...hay..), ( có hay không )
- I don't know whether he will come or not
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Barely/ Hardly / Scarcely.....When / No sooner... Than ( vừa mới... thì...), ngay khi...thì
- Hardly had he gone to bed when the telephone rang
so/ such....that ( đến mức... đến nỗi )
so + adj/adv + that = such +(a/an) + adj +N + that
- She is so beautiful that many boys run after her.
= She is such a beautiful girl that many boys run after her
- CHIA SỐ NHIỀU : Both A and B
Both you and I are not wrong.
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Neither...nor ( không... cũng không )
He neither turned up nor called.
= He didn't either turn up or call.
as/ not so....as ( như là, bằng/ không bằng, không như )
- She is as tall as me
- She isn't as/ so tall as me
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LIÊN TỪ PHỤ THUỘC : nối các từ có chức năng khác nhau, nối Mđ chính với Mđ phụ
- Since / từ khi
- so / vì vậy
- as/ when / khi
When she came, I was cooking dinner.
- just as / vừa lúc
he left the meeting just as we arrived
- until / till / cho đến khi
I will wait for you until it's possible.
- as soon as / ngay khi
As soon as she went home, she had a bath
- while / trong khi
While I was doing my homework, my mother was cleaning the floor
- in the event that / in case / phòng khi
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
- if/ nếu như
- unless / trừ khi
- as if / as though / như thể là
He looked frightened as if he had seen a ghost.
- therefore/ thus/ hence / consequently / do đó, do vậy
- for fear that / lest / vì e rằng
He wore dark glasses lest he could be recognized.
- however / nevertheless / nonetheless / tuy nhiên
- whereas/ on the contrary / in contrast / on the other hand / trái lại, trái với
He loves foreign holidays, whereas his wife prefers to stay at home.
- in other words /nói cách khác
He was with the truth in other words, he lied.
- as long as / so long as / providing that / provided that / với điều kiện là, miễn là
You can use my bike providing that you promise to give it back tomorrow.
- or else / otherwise / hoặc là
- suppose / supposing that / giả sử
Supposing he hates you, what will you do?
- even if / kể cả khi
- Indeed = in fact / thực sự, quả thật
I am happy, indeed proud, to be a member of your team.
- instead / thay vì, thay vào
We didn't go on holiday. We stayed at home, instead.
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Sử dụng Whether/ If
- Chủ ngữ: Whether he likes my idea (or not) is uncertain.
- Tân ngữ: I don't know whether/if he likes my idea.
- Bổ ngữ: The question is whether he likes my idea.
Sử dụng từ để hỏi
- Can you tell me when the manager will be back?
- Can you tell me where he lives?
Sử dụng từ That
- Chủ ngữ: That the sun rises in the East is a scientific fact.
- Tân ngữ: Everybody knows that the sun rises in the East.
- Bổ ngữ: The fact is that the sun rises in the East.