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MBLDD Block 1, Cytology - Coggle Diagram
MBLDD Block 1
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Bonding Forces
1) Give an example of how collections of molecules differ in their properties and how substitutions of one class for another can lead to human disease
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pH & biological systems
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4) Assess the impact of changing pH on the ionization state of biological molecules through the application of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
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Cytology
Cell Membranes
- Draw the structure of cell membranes placing the three components – lipids, proteins and carbohydrates – in their proper orientation.
- Identify the major lipid components of membranes and their functions
- Discuss membrane proteins in terms of their arrangement in the membrane and their general functions.
- Where are carbohydrates located?
- Describe the glycocalyx, its structure, function and localization
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- Compare the structure and function of the plasmalemma with the internal membrane components of the cell (i.e., those of the organelles).
The Cytoskeleton
- Identify the three major components of the cytoskeleton.
- Discuss the structure, function and dynamics of microfilaments.
- Identify and discuss drugs that interfere with microfilament function.
- Discuss the structure, function and location of intermediate filaments.
- Discuss the structure, function and dynamics of microtubules; include centrosome/centriole in your discussion.
- Describe MAPs and molecular motors.
- Identify and discuss drugs that interfere with microtubular function.
The Nucleus
- Sketch the nucleus and label its major components.
- Recognize the various shapes and number of nuclei per cell and translate this into the possible functions of a cell
- Discuss the structures and functions of the nuclear envelope, nuclear pores, and nuclear lamina.
- Compare the two types of chromatin present in the interphase nucleus in terms of their structure and function.
- Define the terms genome, autosomes, karyotype, diploid, haploid, aneuploidy, polyploidy, trisomy, and monosomy, Barr body.
- Outline the packaging of genetic material in the nucleus. Include the terms chromatin, nucleosomes, histones, linker DNA, and chromosomes in your outline.
The Cytoplasm
- List all the components of the cytoplasm.
- Discuss the membrane bound organelles in terms of their structure and function (rER, sER, Golgi, vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes, mitochondria, peroxisomes).
- Arrange the organelles involved in protein synthesis in the order of their involvement (when applicable). Differentiate between the synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins and proteins targeted to membranes, lysosomes or secretory vesicles.
- Describe receptor-mediated endocytosis and phagocytosis.
- Name the types of inclusions found in a cell.
The Nucleolus
- Understand how the nucleolus is formed; what are the nucleolar organizing regions and what are their functions.
- Describe the nucleolus in terms of its structure, location, number per cell, composition and function.
- List the three types of RNA and their functions.
- Discuss the ribosome in terms of its components, structure, formation, function and localization (both its final localization and localization of its components during synthesis).
The Cell Cycle
- Draw a pie diagram of the cell cycle and include the subdivisions of interphase.
- Discuss the stages of mitosis.
- Sketch the mitotic spindle and label the three types of microtubules, the centrioles, chromosomes, centromere, and kinetochore.
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Cell Death
- Compare the two processes by which cells die: necrosis and apoptosis
- Name biological processes where apoptosis plays an essential role.