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Class society and the origin of the nation, image, image, image, image -…
Class society and the origin of the nation
Liberal revolutions
The restoration is overturned
Antiabsolutist revolutionary movements in Europe
The revolutionay wave of 1820
The Holy Alliance took part in military interventions in Spain, Naples and Piedmont
In 1822, there were revolutionary outbreaks
A democratic assembly declared Greece’s independence
The revolutionary wave of 1830
Charles X (succesor of Louis XVII), hoped to reign in an absolutist way
A parliamentary monarchy was established under Louis Philippe of Orleans
The revolutionary wave of 1848
The Second French Republic was proclaimed by Napoleon
The Revolution of 1848 spread
LIBERTY LEADING THE PEOPLE
By Delacorix
This painting was inspired by the French Revolution of 1830, which led to Louis Philippe of Orleans being crowned king
The consolidation of liberal regimes
Austria
The mobilisation of the Hungarian nationalists converted the two countries into a dual monarchy in 1867, Astro-Hungarian Empire
The united States
There was great territorial expansion to the west
This resulted in the submission of the indigenous population
the Confederate States of America led to the American Civil War
Political stability after the Civil War, industrialisation and American economic prosperity attracted mass immigration from Europe
White racism
The terrorist and racist organisation, the Ku Klux Klan, was created after the American Civil War
Ellis island
45 million Europeans emigrated to the United States
Nationalism: Independence and Unifications
Nation and Nationalism
Liberalism
Was important when establishing the legitimacy of state power in national sovereignty and citizenship
When the great monarchies were absolutist regimes, many people felt liberal and nationalist at the same time.
Both Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna had organised the map of Europe based on their interests
Helped generate nationalist aspirations
The development of the liberal economy also influenced nationalism
Some states favoured economic growth and industrialisation
Two different types of nationalist movements
Unifying movements
Which aspired to bring people with a common culture together
Independence movements
Which sought independence from the Ottoman Empire
The independence of Latin America
The Napoleonic invasion of Spain in 1808 had repercussions in Latin America
The governments in America formed juntas locales as government bodies
Other reasons, such as urban development
The independence process was violent
LEADERS OF LATIN AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE
Simón Bolívar
José de San Martín
CONSEQUENCES OF THE EMANCIPATION OF LATIN AMERICA
Social consequences
Political consequences
Economic consequences
The unification of germany
The German Confederation replaced the Holy Empire
In 1834 took the initiative and created the Zollverein or Customs Union
German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, under the reign of William I
The French were defeated and the Second German Empire was declared
The unification of Italy
Piedmont-Sardinia, ruled by the Savoy dynasty
Cavour, prime minister of Piedmont
Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy was crowned king
LEADERS OF ITALIAN UNIFICATION
Giuseppe Mazzini
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Spain, between absolutism and liberalism
The reign of Fernando VII and the return to absolutism
Troops under Lieutenant Colonel Riego, were supposed to travel to America
marked the start of the Trienio Liberal
DÉCADA OMINOSA
the Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis invaded Spain
The First Carlist War was in 1833
The reign of Isabel II moderate liberalism
Isabel II had two regents
Her mother María Cristina
General Espartero
Military victory over the Carlists
Establishment of a constitutional monarchy
Two-party system
Constitutions
Centralism
Desamortizaciones
The reign of Isabel II went through different stages
The Bienio Progresista (1854–1856)
Crisis of moderantism (1856–1868)
The Década Moderada (1844–1854)
Sexenio democrático: democratic liberalism
Between September 1868 and January 1874, Spain had a democratic liberal regime
The Revolution of 1868
The democratic monarchy under Amadeo I (1871–1873)
The First Republic (1873–1874)
