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Unit 3 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 3
Modals for speculation and spectation
May, Might, Could
Not certain
She might be stuck in traffic.
Modal + be + verb-ing
It's happening now
He must be working right now.
Will
A situation you spect to happen
They will be here soon.
Can't or cannot
Disbelief
You can't be serious!
Modal + have + past participle
It was in the past
I should have studied harder.
Must
Quite or totally certain
He must be lying, he seems nervous.
Expressing necessity and obligation
Didn't need to or needn't
Wasn't required
You didn't need to buy the tickets, I already did.
Don't have to
Optional
You don't have to attend the event if you're busy.
Don't need to or needn't
Unnecesary
He needn't bring anything to the party.
Required to
Obligation
You are required to wear a uniform at work.
Must, have to, need to, and have got
Responsibility
I have to attend the meeting this afternoon.
Had to
Necessity in the past
I had to study all night for the exam.
Permission, Strong Advice, or Prohibition
Strong advice
Ought to
You ought to apologize immediately.
Should
You should start saving for the future.
Had better
He had better be careful with that fragile item.
Supposed to
He’s supposed to call you when he arrives.
Prohibition
Not allowed
Feeding of animals by tourists is not allowed in the zoo.
Must not
You must not smoke in this area.
Can't
She can't enter the club without ID.
Permission
May
We may take a break.
Can
You can sit here if you want.
Allowed
It is allowed to use cell phones during recess.