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ANXIETY DISORDERS - Coggle Diagram
ANXIETY DISORDERS
SOCIAL ANXIETY
Characteristics
intense fear / anxiety about situations: 1.) in which one may be scrutinized by others, 2.) that they would respond in a way that would be negatively evaluated. Not proportional.
e.g., public speaking, attending parties, initiating convos, speaking to unfamiliar people, speaking with supervisors / authority figures
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Etiology
Behavioral Inhibition: Temperament trait characterized by social avoidance. Selectively attend to socially threatening info and overestimate likelihood of negative outcomes
Treatment
Exposure with response prevention. SSRI, SNRI or Beta Blocker (Propanalol) to reduce symptoms of anxiety
SEPARATION ANXIETY
Characteristics:
developmentally inappropriate, excessive fear reaction when separated from home or attachment figures (in discussion or anticipation of it).
manifested as school refusal often (somatization). Onset during adolescence associated with social phobia, depression, or other; and has poorer prognosis
Diagnosis
symptoms last at least 4 weeks in children / adolescents, 6 months in adults
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SPECIFIC PHOBIA
Characteristics
intense fear / anxiety associated with specific object or situation, not proportional to actual threat (e.g., spiders, snakes, heights, elevators, getting injections)
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Treatment
1.) systematic desensitzation. 2.) Exposure with response prevention: most effective when combined with applied tension (repeatedly tensing and releasing body's large muscle groups to increase blood pressure)
Etiology
Biological factors: abnormalities in Seronin, Norepinephrine, and GABA
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PANIC DISORDER
Diagnosis
recurrent unexpected panic attacks (2+) with at least one being followed by at least 1 month of persistent concern about having another attack or fear of consequences
must rule out hyperthyroidism, hypoglycemia, cardiac arrhythmia, other medical conditions
Characteristics
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at least 4 symptoms: chest pain, palpitations / fast heart rate, sweating, trembling, feelings of choking, derealization or depersonalization, fear of losing control
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Treatment
Panic Control Therapy (PCT): brief therapy that involves relaxation training, cognitive restructuring, interoceptive exposure to physical sensations associated with panic attacks
TCAs, SSRIs, SNIRs, and Benzodiazapines. Risk for relapse is high when using drugs alone (30-70%)
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AGORAPHOBIA
Characteristics
intense fear / anxiety about leaving home, being in crowded or open spaces, standing in line; fear that escape or finding help would be difficult unless responding in a panicked or embarassed manner
Diagnosis
at least 2 symptoms, for typically 6 months